doc/book/en/development/devweb/internationalization.rst
author Nicolas Chauvat <nicolas.chauvat@logilab.fr>
Tue, 28 Jul 2009 21:26:46 +0200
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.. -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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.. _internationalisation:
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Internationalisation
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---------------------
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Cubicweb fully supports the internalization of its content and interface.
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Cubicweb's interface internationalization is based on the translation project `GNU gettext`_.
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.. _`GNU gettext`: http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/
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Cubicweb' internalization involves two steps:
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* in your Python code and cubicweb-tal templates : mark translatable strings
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* in your instance : handle the translation catalog
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String internationalization
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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In the Python code and cubicweb-tal templates translatable strings can be
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marked in one of the following ways :
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 * by using the *built-in* function `_` ::
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     class PrimaryView(EntityView):
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         """the full view of an non final entity"""
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         id = 'primary'
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         title = _('primary')
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  OR
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 * by using the equivalent request's method ::
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     class NoResultView(EmptyRsetView):
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         """default view when no result has been found"""
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         id = 'noresult'
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         def call(self, **kwargs):
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             self.w(u'<div class="searchMessage"><strong>%s</strong></div>\n'
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                 % self.req._('No result matching query'))
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The goal of the *built-in* function `_` is only **to mark the
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translatable strings**, it will only return the string to translate
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it-self, but not its translation (it's actually refering to the `unicode` builtin).
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In the other hand the request's method `self.req._` is meant to retrieve the
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proper translation of translation strings in the requested language.
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Finally you can also use the `__` attribute of request object to get a
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translation for a string *which should not itself added to the catalog*,
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usually in case where the actual msgid is created by string interpolation ::
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  self.req.__('This %s' % etype)
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In this example `req.__` is used instead of `req._` so we don't have 'This %s' in
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messages catalogs.
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Translations in cubicweb-tal template can also be done with TAL tags
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`i18n:content` and `i18n:replace`.
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.. note::
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   We dont need to mark the translation strings of entities/relations
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   used by a particular instance's schema as they are generated
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   automatically.
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If you need to add messages on top of those that can be found in the source,
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you can create a file named `i18n/static-messages.pot`.
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Handle the translation catalog
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Once the internationalization is done in your code, you need to populate and
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update the translation catalog. Cubicweb provides the following commands for this
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purpose:
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* `i18ncubicweb` updates Cubicweb framework's translation
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  catalogs. Unless you work on the framework development, you don't
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  need to use this command.
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* `i18ncube` updates the translation catalogs of *one particular
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  cube* (or of all cubes). After this command is
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  executed you must update the translation files *.po* in the "i18n"
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  directory of your template. This command will of course not remove
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  existing translations still in use.
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* `i18ninstance` recompile the translation catalogs of *one particular
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  instance* (or of all instances) after the translation catalogs of
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  its cubes have been updated. This command is automatically
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  called every time you create or update your instance. The compiled
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  catalogs (*.mo*) are stored in the i18n/<lang>/LC_MESSAGES of
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  instance where `lang` is the language identifier ('en' or 'fr'
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  for exemple).
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Example
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```````
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You have added and/or modified some translation strings in your cube
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(after creating a new view or modifying the cube's schema for exemple).
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To update the translation catalogs you need to do:
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1. `cubicweb-ctl i18ncube <cube>`
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2. Edit the <cube>/i18n/xxx.po  files and add missing translations (empty `msgstr`)
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3. `hg ci -m "updated i18n catalogs"`
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4. `cubicweb-ctl i18ninstance <myinstance>`
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