doc/tutorials/advanced/part04_ui-base.rst
author Sylvain Thénault <sylvain.thenault@logilab.fr>
Tue, 07 Mar 2017 12:08:39 +0100
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parent 10491 c67bcee93248
child 12209 3a3551fff787
permissions -rw-r--r--
[web] Don't raise ProcessFormError if there is no value specified a03376213747 introduced a slight modification in None / empty string values and with it a regression where an exception is raised on empty values, while we should simply consider no value is specified and return None.
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Let's make it more user friendly
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================================
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Step 1: let's improve site's usability for our visitors
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The first thing I've noticed is that people to whom I send links to photos with
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some login/password authentication get lost, because they don't grasp they have
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to login by clicking on the 'authenticate' link. That's much probably because
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they only get a 404 when trying to access an unauthorized folder, and the site
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doesn't make clear that 1. you're not authenticated, 2. you could get more
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content by authenticating yourself.
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So, to improve this situation, I decided that I should:
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* make a login box appears for anonymous, so they see at a first glance a place
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  to put the login / password information I provided
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* customize the 404 page, proposing to login to anonymous.
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Here is the code, samples from my cube's `views.py` file:
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.. sourcecode:: python
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    from cubicweb.predicates import is_instance
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    from cubicweb.web import component
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    from cubicweb.web.views import error
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    from cubicweb.predicates import anonymous_user
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    class FourOhFour(error.FourOhFour):
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	__select__ = error.FourOhFour.__select__ & anonymous_user()
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	def call(self):
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	    self.w(u"<h1>%s</h1>" % self._cw._('this resource does not exist'))
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	    self.w(u"<p>%s</p>" % self._cw._('have you tried to login?'))
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    class LoginBox(component.CtxComponent):
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	"""display a box containing links to all startup views"""
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	__regid__ = 'sytweb.loginbox'
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	__select__ = component.CtxComponent.__select__ & anonymous_user()
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	title = _('Authenticate yourself')
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	order = 70
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	def render_body(self, w):
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	    cw = self._cw
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	    form = cw.vreg['forms'].select('logform', cw)
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	    form.render(w=w, table_class='', display_progress_div=False)
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The first class provides a new specific implementation of the default page you
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get on 404 error, to display an adapted message to anonymous user.
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.. Note::
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  Thanks to the selection mecanism, it will be selected for anoymous user,
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  since the additional `anonymous_user()` selector gives it a higher score than
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  the default, and not for authenticated since this selector will return 0 in
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  such case (hence the object won't be selectable)
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The second class defines a simple box, that will be displayed by default with
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boxes in the left column, thanks to default :class:`component.CtxComponent`
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selector. The HTML is written to match default CubicWeb boxes style. The code
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fetch the actual login form and render it.
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.. figure:: ../../images/tutos-photowebsite_login-box.png
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   :alt: login box / 404 screenshot
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   The login box and the custom 404 page for an anonymous visitor (translated in french)
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Step 2: providing a custom index page
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Another thing we can easily do to improve the site is... A nicer index page
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(e.g. the first page you get when accessing the web site)! The default one is
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quite intimidating (that should change in a near future). I will provide a much
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simpler index page that simply list available folders (e.g. photo albums in that
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site).
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.. sourcecode:: python
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    from cubicweb.web.views import startup
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    class IndexView(startup.IndexView):
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	def call(self, **kwargs):
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	    self.w(u'<div>\n')
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	    if self._cw.cnx.anonymous_connection:
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		self.w(u'<h4>%s</h4>\n' % self._cw._('Public Albums'))
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	    else:
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		self.w(u'<h4>%s</h4>\n' % self._cw._('Albums for %s') % self._cw.user.login)
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	    self._cw.vreg['views'].select('tree', self._cw).render(w=self.w)
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	    self.w(u'</div>\n')
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    def registration_callback(vreg):
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	vreg.register_all(globals().values(), __name__, (IndexView,))
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	vreg.register_and_replace(IndexView, startup.IndexView)
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As you can see, we override the default index view found in
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`cubicweb.web.views.startup`, geting back nothing but its identifier and selector
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since we override the top level view's `call` method.
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.. Note::
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  in that case, we want our index view to **replace** the existing one. To do so
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  we've to implements the `registration_callback` function, in which we tell to
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  register everything in the module *but* our IndexView, then we register it
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  instead of the former index view.
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Also, we added a title that tries to make it more evident that the visitor is
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authenticated, or not. Hopefuly people will get it now!
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.. figure:: ../../images/tutos-photowebsite_index-before.png
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   :alt: default index page screenshot
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   The default index page
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.. figure:: ../../images/tutos-photowebsite_index-after.png
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   :alt: new index page screenshot
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   Our simpler, less intimidating, index page (still translated in french)
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Step 3: more navigation improvments
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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There are still a few problems I want to solve...
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* Images in a folder are displayed in a somewhat random order. I would like to
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  have them ordered by file's name (which will usually, inside a given folder,
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  also result ordering photo by their date and time)
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* When clicking a photo from an album view, you've to get back to the gallery
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  view to go to the next photo. This is pretty annoying...
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* Also, when viewing an image, there is no clue about the folder to which this
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  image belongs to.
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I will first try to explain the ordering problem. By default, when accessing
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related entities by using the ORM's API, you should get them ordered according to
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the target's class `cw_fetch_order`. If we take a look at the file cube'schema,
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we can see:
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.. sourcecode:: python
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    class File(AnyEntity):
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	"""customized class for File entities"""
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	__regid__ = 'File'
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	fetch_attrs, cw_fetch_order = fetch_config(['data_name', 'title'])
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By default, `fetch_config` will return a `cw_fetch_order` method that will order
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on the first attribute in the list. So, we could expect to get files ordered by
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their name. But we don't.  What's up doc ?
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The problem is that files are related to folder using the `filed_under` relation.
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And that relation is ambiguous, eg it can lead to `File` entities, but also to
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`Folder` entities. In such case, since both entity types doesn't share the
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attribute on which we want to sort, we'll get linked entities sorted on a common
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attribute (usually `modification_date`).
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To fix this, we've to help the ORM. We'll do this in the method from the `ITree`
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folder's adapter, used in the folder's primary view to display the folder's
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content. Here's the code, that I've put in our cube's `entities.py` file, since
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it's more logical stuff than view stuff:
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.. sourcecode:: python
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    from cubes.folder import entities as folder
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    class FolderITreeAdapter(folder.FolderITreeAdapter):
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	def different_type_children(self, entities=True):
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	    rql = self.entity.cw_related_rql(self.tree_relation,
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					     self.parent_role, ('File',))
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	    rset = self._cw.execute(rql, {'x': self.entity.eid})
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	    if entities:
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		return list(rset.entities())
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	    return rset
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    def registration_callback(vreg):
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	vreg.register_and_replace(FolderITreeAdapter, folder.FolderITreeAdapter)
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As you can see, we simple inherit from the adapter defined in the `folder` cube,
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then we override the `different_type_children` method to give a clue to the ORM's
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`cw_related_rql` method, that is responsible to generate the rql to get entities
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related to the folder by the `filed_under` relation (the value of the
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`tree_relation` attribute).  The clue is that we only want to consider the `File`
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target entity type. By doing this, we remove the ambiguity and get back a RQL
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query that correctly order files by their `data_name` attribute.
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.. Note::
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    * As seen earlier, we want to **replace** the folder's `ITree` adapter by our
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      implementation, hence the custom `registration_callback` method.
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Ouf. That one was tricky...
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Now the easier parts. Let's start by adding some links on the file's primary view
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to see the previous / next image in the same folder. CubicWeb's provide a
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component that do exactly that. To make it appears, one have to be adaptable to
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the `IPrevNext` interface. Here is the related code sample, extracted from our
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cube's `views.py` file:
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.. sourcecode:: python
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    from cubicweb.predicates import is_instance
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    from cubicweb.web.views import navigation
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    class FileIPrevNextAdapter(navigation.IPrevNextAdapter):
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	__select__ = is_instance('File')
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	def previous_entity(self):
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	    rset = self._cw.execute('File F ORDERBY FDN DESC LIMIT 1 WHERE '
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				    'X filed_under FOLDER, F filed_under FOLDER, '
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				    'F data_name FDN, X data_name > FDN, X eid %(x)s',
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				    {'x': self.entity.eid})
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	    if rset:
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		return rset.get_entity(0, 0)
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	def next_entity(self):
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	    rset = self._cw.execute('File F ORDERBY FDN ASC LIMIT 1 WHERE '
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				    'X filed_under FOLDER, F filed_under FOLDER, '
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				    'F data_name FDN, X data_name < FDN, X eid %(x)s',
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				    {'x': self.entity.eid})
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	    if rset:
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		return rset.get_entity(0, 0)
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The `IPrevNext` interface implemented by the adapter simply consist in the
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`previous_entity` / `next_entity` methods, that should respectivly return the
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previous / next entity or `None`. We make an RQL query to get files in the same
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folder, ordered similarly (eg by their `data_name` attribute). We set
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ascendant/descendant ordering and a strict comparison with current file's name
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(the "X" variable representing the current file).
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Notice that this query supposes we wont have two files of the same name in the
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same folder, else things may go wrong. Fixing this is out of the scope of this
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blog. And as I would like to have at some point a smarter, context sensitive
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previous/next entity, I'll probably never fix this query (though if I had to, I
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would probably choosing to add a constraint in the schema so that we can't add
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two files of the same name in a folder).
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One more thing: by default, the component will be displayed below the content
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zone (the one with the white background). You can change this in the site's
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properties through the ui, but you can also change the default value in the code
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by modifying the `context` attribute of the component:
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.. sourcecode:: python
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    navigation.NextPrevNavigationComponent.context = 'navcontentbottom'
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.. Note::
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   `context` may be one of 'navtop', 'navbottom', 'navcontenttop' or
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   'navcontentbottom'; the first two being outside the main content zone, the two
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   others inside it.
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.. figure:: ../../images/tutos-photowebsite_prevnext.png
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   :alt: screenshot of the previous/next entity component
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   The previous/next entity component, at the bottom of the main content zone.
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Now, the only remaining stuff in my todo list is to see the file's folder. I'll use
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the standard breadcrumb component to do so. Similarly as what we've seen before, this
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component is controled by the :class:`IBreadCrumbs` interface, so we'll have to provide a custom
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adapter for `File` entity, telling the a file's parent entity is its folder:
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.. sourcecode:: python
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    from cubicweb.web.views import ibreadcrumbs
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    class FileIBreadCrumbsAdapter(ibreadcrumbs.IBreadCrumbsAdapter):
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	__select__ = is_instance('File')
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	def parent_entity(self):
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	    if self.entity.filed_under:
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		return self.entity.filed_under[0]
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In that case, we simply use attribute notation provided by the ORM to get the
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folder in which the current file (e.g. `self.entity`) is located.
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.. Note::
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   The :class:`IBreadCrumbs` interface is a `breadcrumbs` method, but the default
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   :class:`IBreadCrumbsAdapter` provides a default implementation for it that will look
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   at the value returned by its `parent_entity` method. It also provides a
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   default implementation for this method for entities adapting to the `ITree`
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   interface, but as our `File` doesn't, we've to provide a custom adapter.
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.. figure:: ../../images/tutos-photowebsite_breadcrumbs.png
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   :alt: screenshot of the breadcrumb component
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   The breadcrumb component when on a file entity, now displaying parent folder.
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Step 4: preparing the release and migrating the instance
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Now that greatly enhanced our cube, it's time to release it to upgrade production site.
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I'll probably detail that process later, but I currently simply transfer the new code
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to the server running the web site.
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However, I've still today some step to respect to get things done properly...
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First, as I've added some translatable string, I've to run: ::
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  $ cubicweb-ctl i18ncube sytweb
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To update the cube's gettext catalogs (the '.po' files under the cube's `i18n`
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directory). Once the above command is executed, I'll then update translations.
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To see if everything is ok on my test instance, I do: ::
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  $ cubicweb-ctl i18ninstance sytweb
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  $ cubicweb-ctl start -D sytweb
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The first command compile i18n catalogs (e.g. generates '.mo' files) for my test
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instance. The second command start it in debug mode, so I can open my browser and
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navigate through the web site to see if everything is ok...
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.. Note::
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   In the 'cubicweb-ctl i18ncube' command, `sytweb` refers to the **cube**, while
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   in the two other, it refers to the **instance** (if you can't see the
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   difference, reread CubicWeb's concept chapter !).
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Once I've checked it's ok, I simply have to bump the version number in the
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`__pkginfo__` module to trigger a migration once I'll have updated the code on
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the production site. I can check then check the migration is also going fine, by
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first restoring a dump from the production site, then upgrading my test instance.
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To generate a dump from the production site: ::
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  $ cubicweb-ctl db-dump sytweb
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  pg_dump -Fc --username=syt --no-owner --file /home/syt/etc/cubicweb.d/sytweb/backup/tmpYIN0YI/system sytweb
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  -> backup file /home/syt/etc/cubicweb.d/sytweb/backup/sytweb-2010-07-13_10-22-40.tar.gz
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I can now get back the dump file ('sytweb-2010-07-13_10-22-40.tar.gz') to my test
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machine (using `scp` for instance) to restore it and start migration: ::
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  $ cubicweb-ctl db-restore sytweb sytweb-2010-07-13_10-22-40.tar.gz
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  $ cubicweb-ctl upgrade sytweb
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You'll have to answer some questions, as we've seen in `an earlier post`_.
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Now that everything is tested, I can transfer the new code to the production
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server, `apt-get upgrade` cubicweb and its dependencies, and eventually
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upgrade the production instance.
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.. _`several improvments`: http://www.cubicweb.org/blogentry/1179899
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.. _`3.8`: http://www.cubicweb.org/blogentry/917107
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.. _`first blog of this series`: http://www.cubicweb.org/blogentry/824642
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.. _`an earlier post`: http://www.cubicweb.org/867464