doc/book/en/admin/config.rst
author Nicolas Chauvat <nicolas.chauvat@logilab.fr>
Fri, 16 Nov 2012 12:28:30 +0100
branchstable
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[doc] ubuntu LTS is now Precise Pangolin
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.. -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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.. _ConfigEnv:
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Set-up of a *CubicWeb* environment
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==================================
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You can `configure the database`_ system of your choice:
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  - `PostgreSQL configuration`_
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  - `MySql configuration`_
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  - `SQLServer configuration`_
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  - `SQLite configuration`_
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For advanced features, have a look to:
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  - `Pyro configuration`_
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  - `Cubicweb resources configuration`_
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.. _`configure the database`: DatabaseInstallation_
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.. _`PostgreSQL configuration`: PostgresqlConfiguration_
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.. _`MySql configuration`: MySqlConfiguration_
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.. _`SQLServer configuration`: SQLServerConfiguration_
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.. _`SQLite configuration`: SQLiteConfiguration_
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.. _`Pyro configuration`: PyroConfiguration_
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.. _`Cubicweb resources configuration`: RessourcesConfiguration_
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.. _RessourcesConfiguration:
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Cubicweb resources configuration
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--------------------------------
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.. autodocstring:: cubicweb.cwconfig
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.. _DatabaseInstallation:
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Databases configuration
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-----------------------
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Each instance can be configured with its own database connection information,
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that will be stored in the instance's :file:`sources` file. The database to use
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will be chosen when creating the instance. CubicWeb is known to run with
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Postgresql (recommended), MySQL, SQLServer and SQLite.
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Other possible sources of data include CubicWeb, Subversion, LDAP and Mercurial,
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but at least one relational database is required for CubicWeb to work. You do
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not need to install a backend that you do not intend to use for one of your
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instances. SQLite is not fit for production use, but it works well for testing
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and ships with Python, which saves installation time when you want to get
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started quickly.
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.. _PostgresqlConfiguration:
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PostgreSQL
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~~~~~~~~~~
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For installation, please refer to the `PostgreSQL project online documentation`_.
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.. _`PostgreSQL project online documentation`: http://www.postgresql.org/
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You need to install the three following packages: `postgresql-8.X`,
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`postgresql-client-8.X`, and `postgresql-plpython-8.X`. If you run postgres
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version prior to 8.3, you'll also need the `postgresql-contrib-8.X` package for
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full-text search extension.
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If you run postgres on another host than the |cubicweb| repository, you should
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install the `postgresql-client` package on the |cubicweb| host, and others on the
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database host.
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Database cluster
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++++++++++++++++
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If you already have an existing cluster and PostgreSQL server running, you do
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not need to execute the initilization step of your PostgreSQL database unless
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you want a specific cluster for |cubicweb| databases or if your existing
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cluster doesn't use the UTF8 encoding (see note below).
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To initialize a PostgreSQL cluster, use the command ``initdb``::
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    $ initdb -E UTF8 -D /path/to/pgsql
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Notice the encoding specification. This is necessary since |cubicweb| usually
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want UTF8 encoded database. If you use a cluster with the wrong encoding, you'll
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get error like::
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  new encoding (UTF8) is incompatible with the encoding of the template database (SQL_ASCII)
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  HINT:  Use the same encoding as in the template database, or use template0 as template.
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Once initialized, start the database server PostgreSQL with the command::
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  $ postgres -D /path/to/psql
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If you cannot execute this command due to permission issues, please make sure
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that your username has write access on the database.  ::
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  $ chown username /path/to/pgsql
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Database authentication
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+++++++++++++++++++++++
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The database authentication is configured in `pg_hba.conf`. It can be either set
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to `ident sameuser` or `md5`.  If set to `md5`, make sure to use an existing
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user of your database.  If set to `ident sameuser`, make sure that your client's
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operating system user name has a matching user in the database. If not, please
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do as follow to create a user::
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  $ su
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  $ su - postgres
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  $ createuser -s -P username
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The option `-P` (for password prompt), will encrypt the password with the
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method set in the configuration file :file:`pg_hba.conf`.  If you do not use this
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option `-P`, then the default value will be null and you will need to set it
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with::
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  $ su postgres -c "echo ALTER USER username WITH PASSWORD 'userpasswd' | psql"
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The above login/password will be requested when you will create an instance with
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`cubicweb-ctl create` to initialize the database of your instance.
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Notice that the `cubicweb-ctl db-create` does database initialization that
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may requires a postgres superuser. That's why a login/password is explicitly asked
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at this step, so you can use there a superuser without using this user when running
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the instance. Things that require special privileges at this step:
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* database creation, require the 'create database' permission
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* install the plpython extension language (require superuser)
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* install the tsearch extension for postgres version prior to 8.3 (require superuser)
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To avoid using a super user each time you create an install, a nice trick is to
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install plpython (and tsearch when needed) on the special `template1` database,
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so they will be installed automatically when cubicweb databases are created
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without even with needs for special access rights. To do so, run ::
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  # Installation of plpythonu language by default ::
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  $ createlang -U pgadmin plpythonu template1
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  $ psql -U pgadmin template1
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  template1=# update pg_language set lanpltrusted=TRUE where lanname='plpythonu';
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Where `pgadmin` is a postgres superuser. The last command is necessary since by
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default plpython is an 'untrusted' language and as such can't be used by non
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superuser. This update fix that problem by making it trusted.
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To install the tsearch plain-text index extension on postgres prior to 8.3, run::
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    cat /usr/share/postgresql/8.X/contrib/tsearch2.sql | psql -U username template1
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.. _MySqlConfiguration:
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MySql
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~~~~~
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You must add the following lines in ``/etc/mysql/my.cnf`` file::
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    transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED
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    default-storage-engine=INNODB
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    default-character-set=utf8
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    max_allowed_packet = 128M
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.. Note::
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    It is unclear whether mysql supports indexed string of arbitrary length or
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    not.
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.. _SQLServerConfiguration:
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SQLServer
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~~~~~~~~~
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As of this writing, support for SQLServer 2005 is functional but incomplete. You
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should be able to connect, create a database and go quite far, but some of the
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SQL generated from RQL queries is still currently not accepted by the
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backend. Porting to SQLServer 2008 is also an item on the backlog.
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The `source` configuration file may look like this (specific parts only are
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shown)::
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  [system]
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  db-driver=sqlserver2005
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  db-user=someuser
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  # database password not needed
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  #db-password=toto123
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  #db-create/init may ask for a pwd: just say anything
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  db-extra-arguments=Trusted_Connection
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  db-encoding=utf8
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You need to change the default settings on the database by running::
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 ALTER DATABASE <databasename> SET READ_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT ON;
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The ALTER DATABASE command above requires some permissions that your
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user may not have. In that case you will have to ask your local DBA to
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run the query for you.
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You can check that the setting is correct by running the following
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query which must return '1'::
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   SELECT is_read_committed_snapshot_on
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     FROM sys.databases WHERE name='<databasename>';
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.. _SQLiteConfiguration:
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SQLite
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~~~~~~
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SQLite has the great advantage of requiring almost no configuration. Simply
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use 'sqlite' as db-driver, and set path to the dabase as db-name. Don't specify
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anything for db-user and db-password, they will be ignore anyway.
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.. Note::
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  SQLite is great for testing and to play with cubicweb but is not suited for
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  production environments.
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.. _PyroConfiguration:
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Pyro configuration
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------------------
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Pyro name server
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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If you want to use Pyro to access your instance remotely, or to have multi-source
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or distributed configuration, it is required to have a Pyro name server running
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on your network. By default it is detected by a broadcast request, but you can
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specify a location in the instance's configuration file.
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To do so, you need to :
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* be sure to have installed it (see :ref:`InstallDependencies`)
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* launch the pyro name server with `pyro-nsd start` before starting cubicweb
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* under debian, edit the file :file:`/etc/default/pyro-nsd` so that the name
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  server pyro will be launched automatically when the machine fire up
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Note that you can use the pyro server without a running pyro nameserver.
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Refer to `pyro-ns-host` server configuration option for details.
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