docs/obs-terms.rst
author Laurent Charignon <lcharignon@fb.com>
Thu, 04 Jun 2015 10:01:02 -0700
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.. Copyright 2011 Pierre-Yves David <pierre-yves.david@ens-lyon.org>
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..                Logilab SA        <contact@logilab.fr>
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-----------------------------------
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Terminology of the obsolete concept
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-----------------------------------
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Obsolete markers
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----------------
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The mutable concept is based on **obsolete markers**. Creating an obsolete
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marker registers a relation between an old obsoleted changeset and its newer
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version.
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Old changesets are called **precursors** while their new versions are called
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**successors**. A marker always registers a single *precursor* and:
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- no *successor*: the *precursor* is just discarded.
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- one *successor*: the *precursor* has been rewritten
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- multiple *successors*: the *precursor* were splits in multiple
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  changesets.
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.. The *precursors* and *successors* terms can be used on changeset directy:
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.. :precursors: of a changeset `A` are changesets used as *precursors* by
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..              obsolete marker using changeset `A` as *successors*
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.. :successors: of a changeset `B` are changesets used as *successors* by
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..              obsolete marker using changeset `B` as *precursors*
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Chaining obsolete markers is allowed to rewrite a changeset that is already a
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*successor*. This is a kind of *second order version control*.
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To clarify ambiguous situations one can use **direct precursors** or
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**direct successors** to name changesets that are directly related.
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The set of all *obsolete markers* forms a direct acyclic graph the same way
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standard *parents*/*children* relation does. In this graph we have:
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:any precursors: are transitive precursors of a changeset: *direct precursors*
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                 and *precursors* of *precursors*.
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:any successors: are transitive successors of a changeset: *direct successors*
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                 and *successors*  of *successors*)
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Obsolete markers may refer changesets that are not known locally.
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So, *direct precursors* of a changeset may be unknown locally.
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This is why we usually focus on the **first known precursors**  of the rewritten
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changeset. The same apply for *successors*.
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Changeset in *any successors* which are not **obsolete** are called
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**newest successors**..
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.. note:: I'm not very happy with this naming scheme and I'm looking for a
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          better distinction between *direct successors* and **any successors**.
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Possible changesets "type"
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--------------------------
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The following table describes names and behaviors of changesets affected by
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obsolete markers. The left column describes generic categories and the right
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columns are about sub-categories.
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+---------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
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| **mutable**         | **obsolete**             | **extinct**                 |
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|                     |                          |                             |
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| Changeset in either | Obsolete changeset is    | *extinct* changeset is      |
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| *draft* or *secret* | *mutable* used as a      | *obsolete* which has only   |
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| phase.              | *precursor*.             | *obsolete* descendants.     |
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|                     |                          |                             |
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|                     | A changeset is used as   | They can safely be:         |
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|                     | a *precursor* when at    |                             |
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|                     | least one obsolete       | - hidden in the UI,         |
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|                     | marker refers to it      | - silently excluded from    |
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|                     | as precursors.           |   pull and push operations  |
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|                     |                          | - mostly ignored            |
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|                     |                          | - garbage collected         |
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|                     |                          |                             |
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|                     |                          +-----------------------------+
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|                     |                          |                             |
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|                     |                          | **suspended**               |
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|                     |                          |                             |
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|                     |                          | *suspended* changeset is    |
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|                     |                          | *obsolete* with at least    |
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|                     |                          | one non-obsolete descendant |
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|                     |                          |                             |
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|                     |                          | Thoses descendants prevent  |
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|                     |                          | properties of extincts      |
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|                     |                          | changesets to apply. But    |
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|                     |                          | they will refuse to be      |
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|                     |                          | pushed without --force.     |
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|                     |                          |                             |
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|                     +--------------------------+-----------------------------+
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|                     |                          |                             |
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|                     | **troubled**             | **unstable**                |
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|                     |                          |                             |
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|                     | *troubled*    has        | *unstable* is a changeset   |
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|                     | unresolved issue caused  | with obsolete ancestors.    |
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|                     | by *obsolete* relations. |                             |
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|                     |                          |                             |
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|                     | Possible issues are      | It must be rebased on a     |
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|                     | listed in the next       | non *troubled*    base to   |
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|                     | column. It is possible   | solve the problem.          |
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|                     | for *troubled*           |                             |
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|                     | changeset to combine     | (possible alternative name: |
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|                     | multiple issue at once.  | precarious)                 |
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|                     | (a.k.a. divergent   and  |                             |
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|                     | unstable)                +-----------------------------+
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|                     |                          |                             |
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|                     | (possible alternative    | **bumped**                  |
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|                     | names: unsettled,        |                             |
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|                     | troublesome              | *bumped* is a changeset     |
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|                     |                          | that tries to be successor  |
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|                     |                          | of  public changesets.      |
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|                     |                          |                             |
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|                     |                          | Public changeset can't      |
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|                     |                          | be deleted and replace      |
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|                     |                          | *bumped*                    |
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|                     |                          | need to be converted into   |
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|                     |                          | an overlay to this public   |
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|                     |                          | changeset.                  |
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|                     |                          |                             |
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|                     |                          | (possible alternative names:|
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|                     |                          | mislead, naive, unaware,    |
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|                     |                          | mindless, disenchanting)    |
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|                     |                          |                             |
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|                     |                          +-----------------------------+
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|                     |                          | **divergent**               |
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|                     |                          |                             |
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|                     |                          | *divergent*   is changeset  |
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|                     |                          | that appears when multiple  |
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|                     |                          | changesets are successors   |
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|                     |                          | of the same precursor.      |
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|                     |                          |                             |
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|                     |                          | *divergent*   are solved    |
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|                     |                          | through a three ways merge  |
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|                     |                          | between the two             |
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|                     |                          | *divergent*   ,             |
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|                     |                          | using the last "obsolete-   |
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|                     |                          | -common-ancestor" as the    |
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|                     |                          | base.                       |
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|                     |                          |                             |
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|                     |                          | (*splitting* is             |
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|                     |                          | properly not detected as a  |
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|                     |                          | conflict)                   |
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|                     |                          |                             |
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|                     |                          | (possible alternative names:|
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|                     |                          | clashing, rival, concurent, |
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|                     |                          | conflicting)                |
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|                     |                          |                             |
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|                     +--------------------------+-----------------------------+
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|                     |                                                        |
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|                     | Mutable changesets which are neither *obsolete* or     |
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|                     | *troubled*    are *"ok"*.                              |
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|                     |                                                        |
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|                     | Do we really need a name for it ? *"ok"* is a pretty   |
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|                     | crappy name :-/ other possibilities are:               |
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|                     |                                                        |
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|                     | - stable (confusing with stable branch)                |
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|                     | - sane                                                 |
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|                     | - healthy                                              |
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|                     |                                                        |
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+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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|                                                                              |
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|     **immutable**                                                            |
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|                                                                              |
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| Changesets in the *public* phases.                                           |
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|                                                                              |
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| Rewriting operation refuse to work on immutable changeset.                   |
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|                                                                              |
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| Obsolete markers that refer an immutable changeset as precursors have        |
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| no effect on the precussors but may have effect on the successors.           |
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|                                                                              |
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| When a *mutable* changeset becomes *immutable* (changing its phase from draft|
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| to public) it is just *immutable* and loose any property of it's former      |
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| state.                                                                       |
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|                                                                              |
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| The phase properties says that public changesets stay as *immutable* forever.|
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|                                                                              |
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+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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Command and operation name
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--------------------------
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Existing terms
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``````````````
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Mercurial core already uses the following terms:
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:amend: to rewrite a changeset
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:graft: to copy a changeset
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:rebase: to move a changeset
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Uncommit
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````````
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Remove files from a commit (and leave them as dirty in the working directory)
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The *evolve* extension have an `uncommit` command that aims to replace most
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`rollback` usage.
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Fold
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````
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Collapse multiple changesets into a unique one.
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The *evolve* extension will have a `fold` command.
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Prune
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`````
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Make a changeset obsolete without successors.
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This an important operation as it should mostly replace *strip*.
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Alternative names:
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- kill: shall has funny effects when you forget "hg" in front of ``hg kill``.
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- obsolete: too vague, too long and too generic.
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evolve
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``````
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Automatically resolve *troublesome* changesets
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(*unstable*, *bumped* and *divergent*)
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This is an important name as hg pull/push will suggest it the same way it
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suggest merging when you add heads.
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alternative names:
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- solve (too generic ?)
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- stabilize