author | Pierre-Yves David <pierre-yves.david@logilab.fr> |
Tue, 20 Mar 2012 19:26:55 +0100 | |
changeset 161 | 4e3f25ba5401 |
child 163 | 92b073d13f2d |
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Obsolete Marker Concept |
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Obsolete marker is a powerful concept that allow mercurial to safely handle |
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history rewriting operations. It is a new type of relation between Mercurial |
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changesets that track the result of history rewriting operations. |
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This concept is simple to define and provides a very solid base to: |
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- Very fast history rewriting operations, |
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- auditable and reversible history rewritting process, |
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- clean final history, |
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- share and collaborate on mutable part of the history, |
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- gracefully handle history rewriting conflict, |
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- allows various history rewriting UI to collaborate with a underlying common API. |
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Basic concept |
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Every history rewriting operation stores the information that old rewritten |
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changesets has newer version available in a set of changeset. |
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This simple rules allows to express any possible history rewriting operation: |
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.. figure:: ./figures/example-1-update.png |
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*Updating* a changeset |
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Create one obsolete marker: ``([A'] obsolete A)`` |
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.. figure:: ./figures/example-2-split.png |
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*Splitting* a changeset in multiple one |
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Create one obsolete marker ``([B1, B2] obsolete B)]`` |
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.. figure:: ./figures/example-3-merge.png |
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*Merging* multiple changeset in a single one |
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Create two obsolete markers ``([C] obsolete A), ([C] obsolete B)`` |
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.. figure:: ./figures/example-4-reorder.png |
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*Moving* changeset around |
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Reordering those two changesets need two obsolete markers: |
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``([A'] obsolete A), ([B'] obsolete B)`` |
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.. figure:: ./figures/example-5-delete.png |
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*Removing* a changeset: |
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One obselete marker ``([] obsolete B)`` |
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To conclude, a single obsolete marker express a relation from **0..n** new |
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changesets to **1** old changeset. |
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Basic Usage |
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Obsolete markers create a perpendicular history: **a versionned version of the |
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changeset graph**. This means that we can have the same feature we have for |
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versioned files but applied to changeset: |
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First: we can display a **coherent view** of the history graph with only a |
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single version of your changeset are displayed by the UI. |
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Second, because obsolete changeset content are still **available**. You can |
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* **browse** the content of your obsolete commit, |
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* **compare** newer and older version of a changeset, |
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* **restore** content of previously obsolete changeset. |
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Finally, obsolete marker can be **exchanged between repositories**. You are able to |
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share the result on your history rewriting operation with other and **collaborate |
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on mutable part of the history**. |
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Conflicting history rewriting operation can be detected and **resolved** as easily |
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as conflicting changes on file. |
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Detecting and solving tricky situation |
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History rewriting can lead to complex situation. Obsolete marker introduce a |
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simple representation this complex reality. But people using complex workflow |
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will one day or another you have to face the intrinsics complexity of some |
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situation. |
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This section describe possible situations, define precise set of changesets |
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involved in such situation and explains how error case can we automatically |
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resolved using available information. |
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obsolete changesets |
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```````````````````` |
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Old changesets left behind by obsolete operation are said **obsolete**. |
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With current version of mercurial, this *obsolete* part is stripped from the |
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repository before the end of every rewritting operation. |
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.. figure:: ./figures/error-obsolete.png |
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Rebasing `B` and `C` on `A` (as `B'`, `C'`) |
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This rebase operation added two obsolete markers from new changesets to old |
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changesets. These Two old changesets are now part of the *obsolete* part of the |
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history. |
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In most case the obsolete set will be fully hidden to both UI and discovery so |
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user do not have to care about them unless he wants to audit history rewriting |
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operation. |
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Unstable changesets |
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``````````````````` |
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While exploring obsolete marker possibility a bit further you way end up with |
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*obsolete* changeset with *non-obsolete* children. There is two common ways to |
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achieve this: |
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* Pull a changeset based of an old version of a changeset [#]_. |
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* Use a partial rewriting operation. For example amend on a changeset with |
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childrens. |
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*Non-obsolete* changeset based on *obsolete* one are said **unstable** |
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.. figure:: ./figures/error-unstable.png |
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Amend `A` into `A'` leaving `B` behind. |
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In this situation we can not consider `B` as *obsolete*. But we have all |
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necessary data to detect `B` as an *unstable* branch of the history because |
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its parent `A` is *obsolete*. In addition, we have enough data to |
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automatically resolve this instability: we know that the new version of `B` |
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parent (`A`) is `A'`, We can deduce that we should rebase `B` on `A'` to get |
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a stable history again. |
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Proper warning should be issued when part of the history become unstable. UI |
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will be able to use the obsolete marker to automatically suggest resolution to |
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the user of even carry them out for him. |
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XXX details automatic resolution for |
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* movement |
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* handling deletion |
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* handling split on multiple head |
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.. [#] For this to happen one needs to explicitly enable exchange of draft |
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changeset. See phase help for details. |
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The two part of the obsolete set |
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`````````````````````````````````````` |
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The previous section show that it could be two kinds of *obsolete* changeset: |
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* *obsolete* changeset with no or *obsolete* only descendants, said **extinct**. |
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* *obsolete* changeset with *unstable* descendants, said **suspended**. |
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.. figure:: ./figures/error-extinct.png |
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Amend `A` and `C` leaving `B` behind. |
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In this example we have two *obsolete* changesets: `C` with no *unstable* |
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children is *extinct*. `A` with *unstable* descendant (`B`) is *suspended*. |
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`B` is *unstable* as before. |
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Because nothing outside the obsolete set default on *extinct* changesets, they |
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can be safely hidden in the UI and even garbage collected. *Suspended* changeset |
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have to stay visible and available until they unstable descendant are rewritten |
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in stable version. |
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Conflicting rewriting |
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`````````````````````` |
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If people start to concurrently edit the same part of the history they will |
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likely meet conflicting situation when a changeset have been rewritten in two |
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different versions. |
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.. figure:: ./figures/error-conflicting.png |
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Conflicting rewriting of `A` into `A'` and `A''` |
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This kind of conflict is easy to detect with obsolete marker because an obsolete |
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changeset have more than one new version. It may be seen as the multiple heads |
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case Mercurial warn you about on pull. It is resolved the same way by a merge of |
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A' and A'' that will keep the same parent than `A'` and `A''` with two obsolete |
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markers pointing to both `A` and `A'` |
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.. warning:: TODO: Add a schema of the resolution. (merge A' and A'' with A as |
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ancestor and graft the result of A^) |
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Allowing multiple new changesets to obsolete a single one allow to distinct a |
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splitted changeset from history rewriting conflict. |
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Reliable history |
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`````````````````````` |
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Obsolete marker really help to smooth rewriting operation process. However they |
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do not change the fact that **you should only rewrite the mutable part of the |
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history**. The phase concept enforce this rules by explicitly defining a |
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public immutable set of changeset. Rewriting operation refuse to work on |
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public changeset, but they is still some corner case where changesets |
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rewritten in the past are made public. |
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Special rules apply for obsolete marker pointing to public changeset |
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* Public changesets are excluded from the obsolete set (public changeset are |
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never hidden or candidate to garbage collection) |
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* *newer* version of public changeset are said **latecomer** and highlighted as |
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error case. |
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Solving such error is easy. Because we know what changeset a *latecomer* try to |
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rewrite, we can easily compute a smaller changeset containing only the change |
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from the old *public* to the new *latecomer*. |
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.. warning:: add a schema |
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