# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
Parser for multipart/form-data
==============================
This module provides a parser for the multipart/form-data format. It can read
from a file, a socket or a WSGI environment. The parser can be used to replace
cgi.FieldStorage (without the bugs) and works with Python 2.5+ and 3.x (2to3).
Licence (MIT)
-------------
Copyright (c) 2010, Marcel Hellkamp.
Inspired by the Werkzeug library: http://werkzeug.pocoo.org/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.
'''
__author__ = 'Marcel Hellkamp'
__version__ = '0.1'
__license__ = 'MIT'
from tempfile import TemporaryFile
from wsgiref.headers import Headers
import re, sys
try:
from urlparse import parse_qs
except ImportError: # pragma: no cover (fallback for Python 2.5)
from cgi import parse_qs
try:
from io import BytesIO
except ImportError: # pragma: no cover (fallback for Python 2.5)
from StringIO import StringIO as BytesIO
##############################################################################
################################ Helper & Misc ################################
##############################################################################
# Some of these were copied from bottle: http://bottle.paws.de/
try:
from collections import MutableMapping as DictMixin
except ImportError: # pragma: no cover (fallback for Python 2.5)
from UserDict import DictMixin
class MultiDict(DictMixin):
""" A dict that remembers old values for each key """
def __init__(self, *a, **k):
self.dict = dict()
for k, v in dict(*a, **k).iteritems():
self[k] = v
def __len__(self): return len(self.dict)
def __iter__(self): return iter(self.dict)
def __contains__(self, key): return key in self.dict
def __delitem__(self, key): del self.dict[key]
def keys(self): return self.dict.keys()
def __getitem__(self, key): return self.get(key, KeyError, -1)
def __setitem__(self, key, value): self.append(key, value)
def append(self, key, value): self.dict.setdefault(key, []).append(value)
def replace(self, key, value): self.dict[key] = [value]
def getall(self, key): return self.dict.get(key) or []
def get(self, key, default=None, index=-1):
if key not in self.dict and default != KeyError:
return [default][index]
return self.dict[key][index]
def iterallitems(self):
for key, values in self.dict.iteritems():
for value in values:
yield key, value
def tob(data, enc='utf8'): # Convert strings to bytes (py2 and py3)
return data.encode(enc) if isinstance(data, unicode) else data
def copy_file(stream, target, maxread=-1, buffer_size=2*16):
''' Read from :stream and write to :target until :maxread or EOF. '''
size, read = 0, stream.read
while 1:
to_read = buffer_size if maxread < 0 else min(buffer_size, maxread-size)
part = read(to_read)
if not part: return size
target.write(part)
size += len(part)
##############################################################################
################################ Header Parser ################################
##############################################################################
_special = re.escape('()<>@,;:\\"/[]?={} \t')
_re_special = re.compile('[%s]' % _special)
_qstr = '"(?:\\\\.|[^"])*"' # Quoted string
_value = '(?:[^%s]+|%s)' % (_special, _qstr) # Save or quoted string
_option = '(?:;|^)\s*([^%s]+)\s*=\s*(%s)' % (_special, _value)
_re_option = re.compile(_option) # key=value part of an Content-Type like header
def header_quote(val):
if not _re_special.search(val):
return val
return '"' + val.replace('\\','\\\\').replace('"','\\"') + '"'
def header_unquote(val, filename=False):
if val[0] == val[-1] == '"':
val = val[1:-1]
if val[1:3] == ':\\' or val[:2] == '\\\\':
val = val.split('\\')[-1] # fix ie6 bug: full path --> filename
return val.replace('\\\\','\\').replace('\\"','"')
return val
def parse_options_header(header, options=None):
if ';' not in header:
return header.lower().strip(), {}
ctype, tail = header.split(';', 1)
options = options or {}
for match in _re_option.finditer(tail):
key = match.group(1).lower()
value = header_unquote(match.group(2), key=='filename')
options[key] = value
return ctype, options
##############################################################################
################################## Multipart ##################################
##############################################################################
class MultipartError(ValueError): pass
class MultipartParser(object):
def __init__(self, stream, boundary, content_length=-1,
disk_limit=2**30, mem_limit=2**20, memfile_limit=2**18,
buffer_size=2**16, charset='latin1'):
''' Parse a multipart/form-data byte stream. This object is an iterator
over the parts of the message.
:param stream: A file-like stream. Must implement ``.read(size)``.
:param boundary: The multipart boundary as a byte string.
:param content_length: The maximum number of bytes to read.
'''
self.stream, self.boundary = stream, boundary
self.content_length = content_length
self.disk_limit = disk_limit
self.memfile_limit = memfile_limit
self.mem_limit = min(mem_limit, self.disk_limit)
self.buffer_size = min(buffer_size, self.mem_limit)
self.charset = charset
if self.buffer_size - 6 < len(boundary): # "--boundary--\r\n"
raise MultipartError('Boundary does not fit into buffer_size.')
self._done = []
self._part_iter = None
def __iter__(self):
''' Iterate over the parts of the multipart message. '''
if not self._part_iter:
self._part_iter = self._iterparse()
for part in self._done:
yield part
for part in self._part_iter:
self._done.append(part)
yield part
def parts(self):
''' Returns a list with all parts of the multipart message. '''
return list(iter(self))
def get(self, name, default=None):
''' Return the first part with that name or a default value (None). '''
for part in self:
if name == part.name:
return part
return default
def get_all(self, name):
''' Return a list of parts with that name. '''
return [p for p in self if p.name == name]
def _lineiter(self):
''' Iterate over a binary file-like object line by line. Each line is
returned as a (line, line_ending) tuple. If the line does not fit
into self.buffer_size, line_ending is empty and the rest of the line
is returned with the next iteration.
'''
read = self.stream.read
maxread, maxbuf = self.content_length, self.buffer_size
_bcrnl = tob('\r\n')
_bcr = _bcrnl[:1]
_bnl = _bcrnl[1:]
_bempty = _bcrnl[:0] # b'rn'[:0] -> b''
buffer = _bempty # buffer for the last (partial) line
while 1:
data = read(maxbuf if maxread < 0 else min(maxbuf, maxread))
maxread -= len(data)
lines = (buffer+data).splitlines(True)
len_first_line = len(lines[0])
# be sure that the first line does not become too big
if len_first_line > self.buffer_size:
# at the same time don't split a '\r\n' accidentally
if (len_first_line == self.buffer_size+1 and
lines[0].endswith(_bcrnl)):
splitpos = self.buffer_size - 1
else:
splitpos = self.buffer_size
lines[:1] = [lines[0][:splitpos],
lines[0][splitpos:]]
if data:
buffer = lines[-1]
lines = lines[:-1]
for line in lines:
if line.endswith(_bcrnl): yield line[:-2], _bcrnl
elif line.endswith(_bnl): yield line[:-1], _bnl
elif line.endswith(_bcr): yield line[:-1], _bcr
else: yield line, _bempty
if not data:
break
def _iterparse(self):
lines, line = self._lineiter(), ''
separator = tob('--') + tob(self.boundary)
terminator = tob('--') + tob(self.boundary) + tob('--')
# Consume first boundary. Ignore leading blank lines
for line, nl in lines:
if line: break
if line != separator:
raise MultipartError("Stream does not start with boundary")
# For each part in stream...
mem_used, disk_used = 0, 0 # Track used resources to prevent DoS
is_tail = False # True if the last line was incomplete (cutted)
opts = {'buffer_size': self.buffer_size,
'memfile_limit': self.memfile_limit,
'charset': self.charset}
part = MultipartPart(**opts)
for line, nl in lines:
if line == terminator and not is_tail:
part.file.seek(0)
yield part
break
elif line == separator and not is_tail:
if part.is_buffered(): mem_used += part.size
else: disk_used += part.size
part.file.seek(0)
yield part
part = MultipartPart(**opts)
else:
is_tail = not nl # The next line continues this one
part.feed(line, nl)
if part.is_buffered():
if part.size + mem_used > self.mem_limit:
raise MultipartError("Memory limit reached.")
elif part.size + disk_used > self.disk_limit:
raise MultipartError("Disk limit reached.")
if line != terminator:
raise MultipartError("Unexpected end of multipart stream.")
class MultipartPart(object):
def __init__(self, buffer_size=2**16, memfile_limit=2**18, charset='latin1'):
self.headerlist = []
self.headers = None
self.file = False
self.size = 0
self._buf = tob('')
self.disposition, self.name, self.filename = None, None, None
self.content_type, self.charset = None, charset
self.memfile_limit = memfile_limit
self.buffer_size = buffer_size
def feed(self, line, nl=''):
if self.file:
return self.write_body(line, nl)
return self.write_header(line, nl)
def write_header(self, line, nl):
line = line.decode(self.charset or 'latin1')
if not nl: raise MultipartError('Unexpected end of line in header.')
if not line.strip(): # blank line -> end of header segment
self.finish_header()
elif line[0] in ' \t' and self.headerlist:
name, value = self.headerlist.pop()
self.headerlist.append((name, value+line.strip()))
else:
if ':' not in line:
raise MultipartError("Syntax error in header: No colon.")
name, value = line.split(':', 1)
self.headerlist.append((name.strip(), value.strip()))
def write_body(self, line, nl):
if not line and not nl: return # This does not even flush the buffer
self.size += len(line) + len(self._buf)
self.file.write(self._buf + line)
self._buf = nl
if self.content_length > 0 and self.size > self.content_length:
raise MultipartError('Size of body exceeds Content-Length header.')
if self.size > self.memfile_limit and isinstance(self.file, BytesIO):
# TODO: What about non-file uploads that exceed the memfile_limit?
self.file, old = TemporaryFile(mode='w+b'), self.file
old.seek(0)
copy_file(old, self.file, self.size, self.buffer_size)
def finish_header(self):
self.file = BytesIO()
self.headers = Headers(self.headerlist)
cdis = self.headers.get('Content-Disposition','')
ctype = self.headers.get('Content-Type','')
clen = self.headers.get('Content-Length','-1')
if not cdis:
raise MultipartError('Content-Disposition header is missing.')
self.disposition, self.options = parse_options_header(cdis)
self.name = self.options.get('name')
self.filename = self.options.get('filename')
self.content_type, options = parse_options_header(ctype)
self.charset = options.get('charset') or self.charset
self.content_length = int(self.headers.get('Content-Length','-1'))
def is_buffered(self):
''' Return true if the data is fully buffered in memory.'''
return isinstance(self.file, BytesIO)
@property
def value(self):
''' Data decoded with the specified charset '''
pos = self.file.tell()
self.file.seek(0)
val = self.file.read()
self.file.seek(pos)
return val.decode(self.charset)
def save_as(self, path):
fp = open(path, 'wb')
pos = self.file.tell()
try:
self.file.seek(0)
size = copy_file(self.file, fp)
finally:
self.file.seek(pos)
return size
##############################################################################
#################################### WSGI ####################################
##############################################################################
def parse_form_data(environ, charset='utf8', strict=False, **kw):
''' Parse form data from an environ dict and return a (forms, files) tuple.
Both tuple values are dictionaries with the form-field name as a key
(unicode) and lists as values (multiple values per key are possible).
The forms-dictionary contains form-field values as unicode strings.
The files-dictionary contains :class:`MultipartPart` instances, either
because the form-field was a file-upload or the value is to big to fit
into memory limits.
:param environ: An WSGI environment dict.
:param charset: The charset to use if unsure. (default: utf8)
:param strict: If True, raise :exc:`MultipartError` on any parsing
errors. These are silently ignored by default.
'''
forms, files = MultiDict(), MultiDict()
try:
if environ.get('REQUEST_METHOD','GET').upper() not in ('POST', 'PUT'):
raise MultipartError("Request method other than POST or PUT.")
content_length = int(environ.get('CONTENT_LENGTH', '-1'))
content_type = environ.get('CONTENT_TYPE', '')
if not content_type:
raise MultipartError("Missing Content-Type header.")
content_type, options = parse_options_header(content_type)
stream = environ.get('wsgi.input') or BytesIO()
kw['charset'] = charset = options.get('charset', charset)
if content_type == 'multipart/form-data':
boundary = options.get('boundary','')
if not boundary:
raise MultipartError("No boundary for multipart/form-data.")
for part in MultipartParser(stream, boundary, content_length, **kw):
if part.filename or not part.is_buffered():
files[part.name] = part
else: # TODO: Big form-fields are in the files dict. really?
forms[part.name] = part.value
elif content_type in ('application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
'application/x-url-encoded'):
mem_limit = kw.get('mem_limit', 2**20)
if content_length > mem_limit:
raise MultipartError("Request to big. Increase MAXMEM.")
data = stream.read(mem_limit).decode(charset)
if stream.read(1): # These is more that does not fit mem_limit
raise MultipartError("Request to big. Increase MAXMEM.")
data = parse_qs(data, keep_blank_values=True)
for key, values in data.iteritems():
for value in values:
forms[key] = value
else:
raise MultipartError("Unsupported content type.")
except MultipartError:
if strict: raise
return forms, files