author | Sylvain Thénault <sylvain.thenault@logilab.fr> |
Thu, 11 Mar 2010 19:49:40 +0100 | |
branch | stable |
changeset 4872 | edfc071d2659 |
parent 2789 | 39712da6f397 |
permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
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.. -*- coding: utf-8 -*- |
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.. _Overview: |
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Aperçu rapide de `CubicWeb` |
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=========================== |
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`CubicWeb` nous permet de développer des instances d'applications web |
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basées sur un ou plusieurs `cube`. |
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Ce à quoi nous réferrons en parlant de `cube` est un modèle définissant |
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des types de données et des vues. Un `cube` est un composant re-utilisable |
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regroupé avec d'autres cubes sur le système de fichiers. |
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Un `instance` réferre à une installation spécifique d'un ou plusieurs cubes |
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où sont regroupés tous les fichiers de configuration de l'application web finale. |
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Dans ce document, nous allons vous montrer comment créer un cube et l'utiliser |
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dans une instance pour votre application web. |
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Créez votre cube |
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---------------- |
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Après avoir installé votre environement de développement `CubicWeb`, vous pouvez |
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commencer à construire votre premier cube: :: |
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cubicweb-ctl newcube blog |
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Cela va créer dans ``/path/to/forest/cubes`` une répertoire contenant :: |
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blog/ |
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|-- data/ |
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| |-- cubes.blog.css |
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| |-- cubes.blog.js |
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| |-- external_resources |
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|-- debian/ |
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| |-- changelog |
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| |-- compat |
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| |-- control |
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| |-- copyright |
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| |-- cubicweb-blog.prerm |
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| |-- rules |
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|-- entities.py |
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|-- i18n/ |
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| |-- en.po |
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| |-- fr.po |
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|-- __init__.py |
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|-- MANIFEST.in |
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|-- migration/ |
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| |-- postcreate.py |
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| |-- precreate.py |
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|-- __pkginfo__.py |
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|-- schema.py |
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|-- setup.py |
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|-- site_cubicweb.py |
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|-- sobjects.py |
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|-- test/ |
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| |-- data/ |
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| |-- bootstrap_cubes |
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| |-- pytestconf.py |
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| |-- realdb_test_blog.py |
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| |-- test_blog.py |
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|-- views.py |
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Toute modification apportée à votre modele de données devra |
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etre effectué dans ce répertoire. |
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Définissez votre schéma de données |
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---------------------------------- |
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Le modèle de données ou schéma est au coeur d'une application `CubicWeb`. |
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C'est là où vous allez devoir définir le type de contenu que votre application |
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devra gérer. |
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Votre modele de données est défini dans le fichier ``schema.py`` de votre cube |
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``blog`` comme suit. |
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:: |
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from cubicweb.schema import format_constraint |
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class Blog(EntityType): |
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title = String(maxsize=50, required=True) |
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description = String() |
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class BlogEntry(EntityType): |
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title = String(required=True, fulltextindexed=True, maxsize=256) |
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publish_date = Date(default='TODAY') |
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content = String(required=True, fulltextindexed=True) |
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entry_of = SubjectRelation('Blog', cardinality='?*') |
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Un ``Blog`` a un titre et une description. Le titre est une chaîne |
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pas excéder 50 caractères. La description est une chaîne de |
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caractères sans contraintes. |
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Une ``BlogEntry`` a un titre, une date de publication et du texte |
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étant son contenu. Le titre est une chaîne de caractères qui ne |
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doit pas excéder 100 caractères. La date de publication est de type Date et a |
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pour valeur par défaut TODAY, ce qui signifie que lorsqu'une |
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``BlogEntry`` sera créée, sa date de publication sera la date |
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courante a moins de modifier ce champ. Le texte est une chaîne de |
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caractères qui sera indexée en plein texte et sans contraintes. |
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Une ``BlogEntry`` a aussi une relation nommée ``entry_of`` qui la |
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relie à un ``Blog``. La cardinalité ``?*`` signifie que BlogEntry |
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peut faire partie de zero a un Blog (``?`` signifie `zero ou un`) et |
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qu'un Blog peut avoir une infinité de BlogEntry (``*`` signifie |
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`n'importe quel nombre incluant zero`). |
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Par soucis de complétude, nous rappellerons que ``+`` signifie |
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`un ou plus`. |
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Créez votre instance |
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-------------------- |
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:: |
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cubicweb-ctl create blog blogdemo |
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Cette commande va créer un répertoire ``~/etc/cubicweb.d/blogdemo`` |
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contenant tous les fichiers de configuration nécessaire au lancement |
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de votre application web. |
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L'instance ``blogdemo`` est construite sur le cube ``blog``. |
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Bienvenue dans votre application web |
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------------------------------------ |
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Lancez votre application en exécutant : :: |
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cubicweb-ctl start -D blogdemo |
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Vous pouvez à présent accéder à votre application web vous permettant de |
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créer des blogs et d'y poster des messages en visitant l'URL http://localhost:8080/. |
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Un premier formulaire d'authentification va vous être proposé. Par défaut, |
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l'application n'autorisera pas d'utilisateur anonyme à accéder a votre |
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application. Vous devrez donc utiliser l'utilisateur administrateur que |
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vous aurez crée lors de l'initialisation de votre base de données via |
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``cubicweb-ctl create``. |
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.. image:: images/login-form.png |
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Une fois authentifié, vous pouvez commencer à jouer avec votre |
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application et créer des entités. Bravo ! |
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.. image:: images/blog-demo-first-page.png |
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Rappelez-vous que pour le moment, tout a été géré par la plate-forme |
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données. |
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Créons des entités |
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------------------ |
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Nous allons maintenant créer quelques entités dans notre application. |
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Créez un Blog |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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Créons à présent quelques entités. Cliquez sur `[+]` sur la |
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droite du lien Blog. Appelez cette nouvelle entité Blog ``Tech-Blog`` |
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et tapez pour la description ``everything about technology``, |
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puis validez le formulaire d'édition en cliquant sur le bouton |
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``Validate``. |
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.. image:: images/cbw-create-blog.fr.png |
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:alt: from to create blog |
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vous allez être redirigé vers la page d'accueil. Ensuite, si vous allez |
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sur le lien Blog, vous devriez voir la liste des entités Blog, en particulier |
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celui que vous venez juste de créer ``Tech-Blog``. |
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.. image:: images/cbw-list-one-blog.fr.png |
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:alt: displaying a list of a single blog |
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Si vous cliquez sur ``Tech-Blog`` vous devriez obtenir une description |
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détaillée, ce qui dans notre cas, n'est rien de plus que le titre |
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et la phrase ``everything about technology`` |
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Maintenant retournons sur la page d'accueil et créons un nouveau |
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Blog ``MyLife`` et retournons sur la page d'accueil, puis suivons |
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le lien Blog et nous constatons qu'à présent deux blogs sont listés. |
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.. image:: images/cbw-list-two-blog.fr.png |
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:alt: displaying a list of two blogs |
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Créons un article |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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Revenons sur la page d'accueil et cliquons sur `[+]` à droite du lien |
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`articles`. Appellons cette nouvelle entité ``Hello World`` et introduisons |
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un peut de texte avant de ``Valider``. Vous venez d'ajouter un article |
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sans avoir précisé à quel Blog il appartenait. Dans la colonne de gauche |
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se trouve une boite intitulé ``actions``, cliquez sur le menu ``modifier``. |
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Vous êtes de retour sur le formulaire d'édition de l'article que vous |
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venez de créer, à ceci près que ce formulaire a maintenant une nouvelle |
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section intitulée ``ajouter relation``. Choisissez ``entry_of`` dans ce menu, |
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cela va faire apparaitre une deuxième menu déroulant dans lequel vous |
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allez pouvoir séléctionner le Blog ``MyLife``. |
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Vous auriez pu aussi, au moment où vous avez crée votre article, sélectionner |
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``appliquer`` au lieu de ``valider`` et le menu ``ajouter relation`` serait apparu. |
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.. image:: images/cbw-add-relation-entryof.fr.png |
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:alt: editing a blog entry to add a relation to a blog |
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Validez vos modifications en cliquant sur ``Valider``. L'entité article |
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qui est listée contient maintenant un lien vers le Blog auquel il |
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appartient, ``MyLife``. |
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.. image:: images/cbw-detail-one-blogentry.fr.png |
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:alt: displaying the detailed view of a blogentry |
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Rappelez-vous que pour le moment, tout a été géré par la plate-forme |
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`CubicWeb` et que la seule chose qui a été fournie est le schéma de |
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données. D'ailleurs pour obtenir une vue graphique du schéma, visitez |
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le lien `Application schema`` a l'URL suivante : |
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http://localhost:8080/view?vid=schema |
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.. image:: images/cbw-schema.fr.png |
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:alt: graphical view of the schema (aka data-model) |
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Définissez les vues de vos données |
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---------------------------------- |
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Le principe de sélection des vues |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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Une vue est une classe Python qui inclut: |
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- un identifiant (tous les objets dans `CubicWeb` sont listés |
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dans un registre et cet identifiant est utilisé comme la clé) |
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- un filtre de sélection de `result sets` auxquels il |
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peut s'appliquer |
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`CubicWeb` fournit un ensemble de vues standard pour le type d'objet |
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`EntityView`. vous poubez les trouver listées dans ``cubicweb/web/views``. |
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Une vue est appliquée sur un `result set` qui représente l'ensemble |
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des entités que nous cherchons à appliquer. `CubicWeb` utilise un |
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sélecteur qui permet de calculer un score et d'identifier la vue |
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la plus adaptée au `result set` que nous voulons afficher. La librarie |
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standard des sélecteurs se trouve dans ``cubicweb.common.selector`` |
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et une librairie des méthodes utilisées pour calculer les scores |
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est dans ``cubicweb.vregistry.vreq``. |
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Il est possible de définir plusieurs vues ayant le meme identifiant |
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et d'y associer des sélecteurs et des filtres afin de permettre à |
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l'application de s'adapter au mieux aux données que nous avons |
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besoin d'afficher. Nous verrons cela plus en détails dans :ref:`DefinitionVues`. |
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On peut citer l'exemple de la vue nommée ``primary`` qui est celle utilisée |
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pour visualiser une entité seule. Nous allons vous montrer comment modifier |
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cette vue. |
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Modification des vues |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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Si vous souhaitez modifier la manière dont est rendue un article (`Blogentry`), |
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vous devez surcharger la vue ``primary`` définie dans le module ``views`` de |
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votre cube, ``cubes/blog/views.py``. |
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Nous pourrions par exemple ajouter devant la date de publication un préfixe |
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indiquant que la date visualisée est la date de publication. |
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Pour cela appliquez les modifications suivantes: |
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:: |
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from cubicweb.web.views import baseviews |
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class BlogEntryPrimaryView(baseviews.PrimaryView): |
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accepts = ('BlogEntry',) |
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def render_entity_title(self, entity): |
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self.w(u'<h1>%s</h1>' % html_escape(entity.dc_title())) |
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def content_format(self, entity): |
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return entity.view('reledit', rtype='content_format') |
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def cell_call(self, row, col): |
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entity = self.rset.get_entity(row, col) |
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# display entity attributes with prefixes |
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self.w(u'<h1>%s</h1>' % entity.title) |
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self.w(u'<p>published on %s</p>' % entity.publish_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')) |
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self.w(u'<p>%s</p>' % entity.content) |
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# display relations |
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siderelations = [] |
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if self.main_related_section: |
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self.render_entity_relations(entity, siderelations) |
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.. note:: |
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Lors qu'une vue est modifiée il n'est pas nécessaire de relancer |
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l'application. Sauvez juste le fichier Python et rechargez la page |
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dans votre navigateur afin de visualiser les modifications. |
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Nous pouvons voir que la date de publication est préfixée comme souhaitée. |
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.. image:: images/cbw-update-primary-view.fr.png |
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:alt: modified primary view |
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Le code que nous avons modifié définit une vue primaire pour une entité de |
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type `BlogEntry`. |
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Etant donné que les vues sont appliquées sur des `result sets` et que |
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les `result sets` peuvent être des tableaux de données, il est indispensable |
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de récupérer l'entité selon ses coordonnées (row,col). |
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La méthode ``self.w()`` est utilisée pour afficher des données. En particulier |
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dans notre exemple, nous l'utilisons pour afficher des tags HTML et des valeurs |
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des attributs de notre entité. |
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