doc/book/en/A02a-create-cube.en.txt
author Sandrine Ribeau <sandrine.ribeau@logilab.fr>
Tue, 23 Dec 2008 10:43:51 -0800
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child 296 65564e83853e
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[doc] Improved tutoriel. Moved appropriate content to cubicweb foundations chapter. Adds section to fill about cubicweb-ctl shell.
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.. -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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Create your cube
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----------------
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Once your `CubicWeb` development environment is set up, you can create a new
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cube::
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  cubicweb-ctl newcube blog
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This will create in the cubes directory (``/path/to/forest/cubes`` for Mercurial
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installation, ``/usr/share/cubicweb/cubes`` for debian packages installation) 
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a directory named ``blog`` containing::
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  blog/
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  |
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  |-- data/
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  |   |-- cubes.blog.css
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  |   |-- cubes.blog.js  
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  |   `-- external_resources
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  |
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  |-- debian/
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  |   |-- changelog
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  |   |-- compat
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  |   |-- control
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  |   |-- copyright
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  |   |-- cubicweb-blog.prerm
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  |   `-- rules
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  |
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  |-- entities.py
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  |
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  |-- i18n/
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  |   |-- en.po
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  |   `-- fr.po
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  |
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  |-- __init__.py
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  |
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  |-- MANIFEST.in
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  |
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  |-- migration/
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  |   |-- postcreate.py
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  |   `-- precreate.py
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  |
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  |-- __pkginfo__.py
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  |
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  |-- schema.py
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  |
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  |-- setup.py
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  |
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  |-- site_cubicweb.py
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  |
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  |-- sobjects.py
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  |
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  |-- test/
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  |   |-- data/
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  |   |   `-- bootstrap_cubes
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  |   |-- pytestconf.py
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  |   |-- realdb_test_blog.py
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  |   `-- test_blog.py
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  |
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  `-- views.py
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.. note::
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  You will find a more detailled description of the `cube` concept in
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  :ref:`cubesConcepts`.
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.. _DefineDataModel:
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Define your data model
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----------------------
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The data model or schema is the core of your `CubicWeb` application.
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It defines the type of content your application will handle.
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The data model of your cube ``blog`` is defined in the file ``schema.py``:
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::
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  from cubicweb.schema import format_constraint
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  class Blog(EntityType):
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    title = String(maxsize=50, required=True)
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    description = String()
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  class BlogEntry(EntityType):
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    title = String(required=True, fulltextindexed=True, maxsize=256)
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    publish_date = Date(default='TODAY')
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    content = String(required=True, fulltextindexed=True)
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    entry_of = SubjectRelation('Blog', cardinality='?*') 
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A Blog has a title and a description. The title is a string that is
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required by the class EntityType and must be less than 50 characters. 
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The description is a string that is not constrained.
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A BlogEntry has a title, a publish_date and a content. The title is a
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string that is required and must be less than 100 characters. The
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publish_date is a Date with a default value of TODAY, meaning that
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when a BlogEntry is created, its publish_date will be the current day
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unless it is modified. The content is a string that will be indexed in
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the full-text index and has no constraint.
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A BlogEntry also has a relationship ``entry_of`` that links it to a
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Blog. The cardinality ``?*`` means that a BlogEntry can be part of
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zero or one Blog (``?`` means `zero or one`) and that a Blog can
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have any number of BlogEntry (``*`` means `any number including
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zero`). For completeness, remember that ``+`` means `one or more`.
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Create your instance
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--------------------
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To use this cube as an application and create a new instance named ``blogdemo``, do::
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  cubicweb-ctl create blog blogdemo
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This command will create a directory ``~/etc/cubicweb.d/blogdemo``
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which will contain all the configuration files required to start
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you web application.
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Welcome to your web application
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-------------------------------
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Start your application in debug mode with the following command: ::
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  cubicweb-ctl start -D blogdemo
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You can now access your web application to create blogs and post messages
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by visiting the URL http://localhost:8080/.
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A login form will appear. By default, the application will not allow anonymous
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users to enter the application. To login, you need then use the admin account
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you created at the time you initialized the database with ``cubicweb-ctl
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create``.
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.. image:: images/login-form.png
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Once authenticated, you can start playing with your application 
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and create entities.
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.. image:: images/blog-demo-first-page.png
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Please notice that so far, the `CubicWeb` franework managed all aspects of 
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the web application based on the schema provided at first.
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Add entities
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------------
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We will now add entities in our web application.
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Add a Blog
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~~~~~~~~~~
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Let us create a few of these entities. Click on the `[+]` at the left of the
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link Blog on the home page. Call this new Blog ``Tech-blog`` and type in
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``everything about technology`` as the description, then validate the form by
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clicking on ``Validate``.
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.. image:: images/cbw-create-blog.en.png
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   :alt: from to create blog
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Click on the logo at top left to get back to the home page, then
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follow the Blog link that will list for you all the existing Blog.
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You should be seeing a list with a single item ``Tech-blog`` you
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just created.
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.. image:: images/cbw-list-one-blog.en.png
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   :alt: displaying a list of a single blog
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Clicking on this item will get you to its detailed description except
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that in this case, there is not much to display besides the name and
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the phrase ``everything about technology``.
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Now get back to the home page by clicking on the top-left logo, then
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create a new Blog called ``MyLife`` and get back to the home page
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again to follow the Blog link for the second time. The list now
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has two items.
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.. image:: images/cbw-list-two-blog.en.png
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   :alt: displaying a list of two blogs
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Add a BlogEntry
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Get back to the home page and click on [+] at the left of the link
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BlogEntry. Call this new entry ``Hello World`` and type in some text
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before clicking on ``Validate``. You added a new blog entry without
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saying to what blog it belongs. There is a box on the left entitled
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``actions``, click on the menu item ``modify``. You are back to the form
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to edit the blog entry you just created, except that the form now has
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another section with a combobox titled ``add relation``. Chose
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``entry_of`` in this menu and a second combobox appears where you pick
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``MyLife``. 
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You could also have, at the time you started to fill the form for a
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new entity BlogEntry, hit ``Apply`` instead of ``Validate`` and the 
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combobox titled ``add relation`` would have showed up.
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.. image:: images/cbw-add-relation-entryof.en.png
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   :alt: editing a blog entry to add a relation to a blog
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Validate the changes by clicking ``Validate``. The entity BlogEntry
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that is displayed now includes a link to the entity Blog named
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``MyLife``.
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.. image:: images/cbw-detail-one-blogentry.en.png
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   :alt: displaying the detailed view of a blogentry
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Note that all of this was handled by the framework and that the only input
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that was provided so far is the schema. To get a graphical view of the schema,
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point your browser to the URL http://localhost:8080/schema
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.. image:: images/cbw-schema.en.png
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   :alt: graphical view of the schema (aka data-model)
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.. _DefineViews:
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Define your entities views
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--------------------------
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Each entity defined in a model inherits defaults views allowing
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different rendering of the data. You can redefine each of them
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according to your needs and preferences. If you feel like it then
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you have to know how a view is defined.
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The views selection principle
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A view is defined by a Python class which includes: 
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  - an identifier (all objects in `CubicWeb` are entered in a registry
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    and this identifier will be used as a key)
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  - a filter to select the resulsets it can be applied to
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A view has a set of methods complying
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with the `View` class interface (`cubicweb.common.view`).
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`CubicWeb` provides a lot of standard views for the type
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`EntityView`, for a complete list, you
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will have to read the code in directory ``cubicweb/web/views/``
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A view is applied on a `result set` which contains a set of
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entities we are trying to display. `CubicWeb` uses a selector
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mechanism which computes a score used to identify which view
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is the best to apply for the `result set` we are trying to 
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display. The standard library of selectors is in 
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``cubicweb.common.selector`` and a library of methods used to
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compute scores is available in ``cubicweb.vregistry.vreq``.
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It is possible to define multiple views for the same identifier
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and to associate selectors and filters to allow the application
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to find the best way to render the data. We will see more details
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on this in :ref:`DefinitionVues`.
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For example, the view named ``primary`` is the one used to display
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a single entity. We will now show you hos to customize this view.
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View customization
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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If you wish to modify the way a `BlogEntry` is rendered, you will have to 
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overwrite the `primary` view defined in the module ``views`` of the cube
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``cubes/blog/views.py``.
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We can for example add in front of the pulication date a prefix specifying
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the date we see is the publication date.
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To do so, please apply the following changes:
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:: 
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  from cubicweb.web.views import baseviews
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  class BlogEntryPrimaryView(baseviews.PrimaryView):
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    accepts = ('BlogEntry',)
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    def render_entity_title(self, entity):
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        self.w(u'<h1>%s</h1>' % html_escape(entity.dc_title()))
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    def content_format(self, entity):
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        return entity.view('reledit', rtype='content_format')
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    def cell_call(self, row, col):
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        entity = self.entity(row, col)
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        # display entity attributes with prefixes
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        self.w(u'<h1>%s</h1>' % entity.title)
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        self.w(u'<p>published on %s</p>' % entity.publish_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))
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        self.w(u'<p>%s</p>' % entity.content)
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        # display relations
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        siderelations = []
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        if self.main_related_section:
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            self.render_entity_relations(entity, siderelations)
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.. note::
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  When a view is modified, it is not required to restart the application
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  server. Save the Python file and reload the page in your web browser
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  to view the changes.
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You can now see that the publication date has a prefix.
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.. image:: images/cbw-update-primary-view.en.png
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   :alt: modified primary view
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The above source code defines a new primary view for
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``BlogEntry``. 
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Since views are applied to resultsets and resulsets can be tables of
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data, it is needed to recover the entity from its (row,col)
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coordinates. We will get to this in more detail later.
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The view has a ``self.w()`` method that is used to output data. In our
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example we use it to output HTML tags and values of the entity's attributes.