dataimport/importer.py
author Denis Laxalde <denis.laxalde@logilab.fr>
Mon, 30 Nov 2015 11:09:51 +0100
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[dataimport] Format strings with % instead of .format() For consistency with CubicWeb code base and to avoid Python 2.6 compatibility traps.
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# copyright 2015 LOGILAB S.A. (Paris, FRANCE), all rights reserved.
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# contact http://www.logilab.fr -- mailto:contact@logilab.fr
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#
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# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
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# the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
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# Software Foundation, either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option)
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# any later version.
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#
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# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
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# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
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# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more
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# details.
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#
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along
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# with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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"""Data import of external entities.
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Main entry points:
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.. autoclass:: ExtEntitiesImporter
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.. autoclass:: ExtEntity
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Utilities:
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.. autofunction:: cwuri2eid
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.. autoclass:: RelationMapping
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.. autofunction:: cubicweb.dataimport.importer.use_extid_as_cwuri
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"""
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from collections import defaultdict
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import logging
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from logilab.mtconverter import xml_escape
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def cwuri2eid(cnx, etypes, source_eid=None):
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    """Return a dictionary mapping cwuri to eid for entities of the given entity types and / or
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    source.
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    """
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    assert source_eid or etypes, 'no entity types nor source specified'
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    rql = 'Any U, X WHERE X cwuri U'
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    args = {}
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    if len(etypes) == 1:
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        rql += ', X is %s' % etypes[0]
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    elif etypes:
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        rql += ', X is IN (%s)' % ','.join(etypes)
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    if source_eid is not None:
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        rql += ', X cw_source S, S eid %(s)s'
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        args['s'] = source_eid
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    return dict(cnx.execute(rql, args))
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def use_extid_as_cwuri(extid2eid):
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    """Return a generator of :class:`ExtEntity` objects that will set `cwuri`
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    using entity's extid if the entity does not exist yet and has no `cwuri`
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    defined.
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    `extid2eid` is an extid to eid dictionary coming from an
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    :class:`ExtEntitiesImporter` instance.
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    Example usage:
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    .. code-block:: python
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        importer = SKOSExtEntitiesImporter(cnx, store, import_log)
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        set_cwuri = use_extid_as_cwuri(importer.extid2eid)
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        importer.import_entities(set_cwuri(extentities))
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    """
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    def use_extid_as_cwuri_filter(extentities):
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        for extentity in extentities:
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            if extentity.extid not in extid2eid:
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                extentity.values.setdefault('cwuri', set([extentity.extid.decode('utf-8')]))
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            yield extentity
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    return use_extid_as_cwuri_filter
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class RelationMapping(object):
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    """Read-only mapping from relation type to set of related (subject, object) eids.
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    If `source` is specified, only returns relations implying entities from
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    this source.
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    """
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    def __init__(self, cnx, source=None):
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        self.cnx = cnx
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        self._rql_template = 'Any S,O WHERE S %s O'
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        self._kwargs = {}
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        if source is not None:
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            self._rql_template += ', S cw_source SO, O cw_source SO, SO eid %%(s)s'
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            self._kwargs['s'] = source.eid
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    def __getitem__(self, rtype):
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        """Return a set of (subject, object) eids already related by `rtype`"""
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        rql = self._rql_template % rtype
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        return set(tuple(x) for x in self.cnx.execute(rql, self._kwargs))
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class ExtEntity(object):
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    """Transitional representation of an entity for use in data importer.
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    An external entity has the following properties:
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    * ``extid`` (external id), an identifier for the ext entity,
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    * ``etype`` (entity type), a string which must be the name of one entity type in the schema
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      (eg. ``'Person'``, ``'Animal'``, ...),
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    * ``values``, a dictionary whose keys are attribute or relation names from the schema (eg.
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      ``'first_name'``, ``'friend'``), and whose values are *sets*
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    For instance:
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    .. code-block:: python
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        ext_entity.extid = 'http://example.org/person/debby'
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        ext_entity.etype = 'Person'
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        ext_entity.values = {'first_name': set([u"Deborah", u"Debby"]),
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                            'friend': set(['http://example.org/person/john'])}
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    """
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    def __init__(self, etype, extid, values=None):
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        self.etype = etype
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        self.extid = extid
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        if values is None:
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            values = {}
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        self.values = values
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        self._schema = None
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    def __repr__(self):
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        return '<%s %s %s>' % (self.etype, self.extid, self.values)
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    def iter_rdefs(self):
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        """Yield (key, rtype, role) defined in `.values` dict, with:
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        * `key` is the original key in `.values` (i.e. the relation type or a 2-uple (relation type,
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          role))
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        * `rtype` is a yams relation type, expected to be found in the schema (attribute or
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          relation)
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        * `role` is the role of the entity in the relation, 'subject' or 'object'
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        Iteration is done on a copy of the keys so values may be inserted/deleted during it.
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        """
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        for key in list(self.values):
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            if isinstance(key, tuple):
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                rtype, role = key
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                assert role in ('subject', 'object'), key
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                yield key, rtype, role
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            else:
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                yield key, key, 'subject'
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    def prepare(self, schema):
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        """Prepare an external entity for later insertion:
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        * ensure attributes and inlined relations have a single value
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        * turn set([value]) into value and remove key associated to empty set
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        * remove non inlined relations and return them as a [(e1key, relation, e2key)] list
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        Return a list of non inlined relations that may be inserted later, each relations defined by
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        a 3-tuple (subject extid, relation type, object extid).
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        Take care the importer may call this method several times.
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        """
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        assert self._schema is None, 'prepare() has already been called for %s' % self
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        self._schema = schema
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        eschema = schema.eschema(self.etype)
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        deferred = []
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        entity_dict = self.values
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        for key, rtype, role in self.iter_rdefs():
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            rschema = schema.rschema(rtype)
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            if rschema.final or (rschema.inlined and role == 'subject'):
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                assert len(entity_dict[key]) <= 1, \
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                    "more than one value for %s: %s (%s)" % (rtype, entity_dict[key], self.extid)
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                if entity_dict[key]:
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                    entity_dict[rtype] = entity_dict[key].pop()
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                    if key != rtype:
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                        del entity_dict[key]
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                    if (rschema.final and eschema.has_metadata(rtype, 'format')
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                            and not rtype + '_format' in entity_dict):
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                        entity_dict[rtype + '_format'] = u'text/plain'
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                else:
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                    del entity_dict[key]
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            else:
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                for target_extid in entity_dict.pop(key):
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                    if role == 'subject':
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                        deferred.append((self.extid, rtype, target_extid))
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                    else:
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                        deferred.append((target_extid, rtype, self.extid))
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        return deferred
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    def is_ready(self, extid2eid):
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        """Return True if the ext entity is ready, i.e. has all the URIs used in inlined relations
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        currently existing.
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        """
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        assert self._schema, 'prepare() method should be called first on %s' % self
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        # as .prepare has been called, we know that .values only contains subject relation *type* as
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        # key (no more (rtype, role) tuple)
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        schema = self._schema
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        entity_dict = self.values
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        for rtype in entity_dict:
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            rschema = schema.rschema(rtype)
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            if not rschema.final:
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                # .prepare() should drop other cases from the entity dict
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                assert rschema.inlined
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                if not entity_dict[rtype] in extid2eid:
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                    return False
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        # entity is ready, replace all relation's extid by eids
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        for rtype in entity_dict:
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            rschema = schema.rschema(rtype)
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            if rschema.inlined:
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                entity_dict[rtype] = extid2eid[entity_dict[rtype]]
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        return True
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class ExtEntitiesImporter(object):
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    """This class is responsible for importing externals entities, that is instances of
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    :class:`ExtEntity`, into CubicWeb entities.
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    :param schema: the CubicWeb's instance schema
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    :param store: a CubicWeb `Store`
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    :param extid2eid: optional {extid: eid} dictionary giving information on existing entities. It
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        will be completed during import. You may want to use :func:`cwuri2eid` to build it.
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    :param existing_relation: optional {rtype: set((subj eid, obj eid))} mapping giving information on
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        existing relations of a given type. You may want to use :class:`RelationMapping` to build it.
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    :param  etypes_order_hint: optional ordered iterable on entity types, giving an hint on the order in
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        which they should be attempted to be imported
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    :param  import_log: optional object implementing the :class:`SimpleImportLog` interface to record
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        events occuring during the import
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    :param  raise_on_error: optional boolean flag - default to false, indicating whether errors should
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        be raised or logged. You usually want them to be raised during test but to be logged in
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        production.
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    Instances of this class are meant to import external entities through :meth:`import_entities`
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    which handles a stream of :class:`ExtEntity`. One may then plug arbitrary filters into the
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    external entities stream.
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    .. automethod:: import_entities
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    """
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    def __init__(self, schema, store, extid2eid=None, existing_relations=None,
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                 etypes_order_hint=(), import_log=None, raise_on_error=False):
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        self.schema = schema
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        self.store = store
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        self.extid2eid = extid2eid if extid2eid is not None else {}
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        self.existing_relations = (existing_relations if existing_relations is not None
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                                   else defaultdict(set))
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        self.etypes_order_hint = etypes_order_hint
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        if import_log is None:
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            import_log = SimpleImportLog('<unspecified>')
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        self.import_log = import_log
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        self.raise_on_error = raise_on_error
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        # set of created/updated eids
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        self.created = set()
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        self.updated = set()
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    def import_entities(self, ext_entities):
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        """Import given external entities (:class:`ExtEntity`) stream (usually a generator)."""
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        # {etype: [etype dict]} of entities that are in the import queue
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        queue = {}
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        # order entity dictionaries then create/update them
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        deferred = self._import_entities(ext_entities, queue)
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        # create deferred relations that don't exist already
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        missing_relations = self.prepare_insert_deferred_relations(deferred)
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        self._warn_about_missing_work(queue, missing_relations)
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    def _import_entities(self, ext_entities, queue):
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        extid2eid = self.extid2eid
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        deferred = {}  # non inlined relations that may be deferred
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        self.import_log.record_debug('importing entities')
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        for ext_entity in self.iter_ext_entities(ext_entities, deferred, queue):
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            try:
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                eid = extid2eid[ext_entity.extid]
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            except KeyError:
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                self.prepare_insert_entity(ext_entity)
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            else:
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                if ext_entity.values:
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                    self.prepare_update_entity(ext_entity, eid)
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        return deferred
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    def iter_ext_entities(self, ext_entities, deferred, queue):
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        """Yield external entities in an order which attempts to satisfy
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        schema constraints (inlined / cardinality) and to optimize the import.
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        """
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        schema = self.schema
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        extid2eid = self.extid2eid
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        for ext_entity in ext_entities:
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            # check data in the transitional representation and prepare it for
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            # later insertion in the database
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            for subject_uri, rtype, object_uri in ext_entity.prepare(schema):
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                deferred.setdefault(rtype, set()).add((subject_uri, object_uri))
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            if not ext_entity.is_ready(extid2eid):
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                queue.setdefault(ext_entity.etype, []).append(ext_entity)
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                continue
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            yield ext_entity
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            # check for some entities in the queue that may now be ready. We'll have to restart
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            # search for ready entities until no one is generated
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            new = True
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            while new:
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                new = False
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                for etype in self.etypes_order_hint:
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                    if etype in queue:
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                        new_queue = []
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                        for ext_entity in queue[etype]:
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                            if ext_entity.is_ready(extid2eid):
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                                yield ext_entity
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                                # may unlock entity previously handled within this loop
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                                new = True
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                            else:
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                                new_queue.append(ext_entity)
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                        if new_queue:
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                            queue[etype][:] = new_queue
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                        else:
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                            del queue[etype]
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    def prepare_insert_entity(self, ext_entity):
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        """Call the store to prepare insertion of the given external entity"""
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        eid = self.store.prepare_insert_entity(ext_entity.etype, **ext_entity.values)
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        self.extid2eid[ext_entity.extid] = eid
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        self.created.add(eid)
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        return eid
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    def prepare_update_entity(self, ext_entity, eid):
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        """Call the store to prepare update of the given external entity"""
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        self.store.prepare_update_entity(ext_entity.etype, eid, **ext_entity.values)
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        self.updated.add(eid)
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    def prepare_insert_deferred_relations(self, deferred):
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        """Call the store to insert deferred relations (not handled during insertion/update for
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        entities). Return a list of relations `[(subj ext id, obj ext id)]` that may not be inserted
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        because the target entities don't exists yet.
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        """
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        prepare_insert_relation = self.store.prepare_insert_relation
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        rschema = self.schema.rschema
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        extid2eid = self.extid2eid
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        missing_relations = []
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        for rtype, relations in deferred.items():
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            self.import_log.record_debug('importing %s %s relations' % (len(relations), rtype))
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            symmetric = rschema(rtype).symmetric
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            existing = self.existing_relations[rtype]
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            for subject_uri, object_uri in relations:
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                try:
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                    subject_eid = extid2eid[subject_uri]
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                    object_eid = extid2eid[object_uri]
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                except KeyError:
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                    missing_relations.append((subject_uri, rtype, object_uri))
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                    continue
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                if (subject_eid, object_eid) not in existing:
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                    prepare_insert_relation(subject_eid, rtype, object_eid)
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                    existing.add((subject_eid, object_eid))
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                    if symmetric:
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                        existing.add((object_eid, subject_eid))
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        return missing_relations
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    def _warn_about_missing_work(self, queue, missing_relations):
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        error = self.import_log.record_error
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        if queue:
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            msgs = ["can't create some entities, is there some cycle or "
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                    "missing data?"]
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            for ext_entities in queue.values():
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                for ext_entity in ext_entities:
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                    msgs.append(str(ext_entity))
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            map(error, msgs)
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            if self.raise_on_error:
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                raise Exception('\n'.join(msgs))
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        if missing_relations:
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            msgs = ["can't create some relations, is there missing data?"]
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            for subject_uri, rtype, object_uri in missing_relations:
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                msgs.append("%s %s %s" % (subject_uri, rtype, object_uri))
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            map(error, msgs)
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            if self.raise_on_error:
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                raise Exception('\n'.join(msgs))
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   375
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   376
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class SimpleImportLog(object):
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    """Fake CWDataImport log using a simple text format.
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   379
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    Useful to display logs in the UI instead of storing them to the
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    database.
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    """
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    def __init__(self, filename):
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        self.logs = []
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        self.filename = filename
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   387
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    def record_debug(self, msg, path=None, line=None):
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        self._log(logging.DEBUG, msg, path, line)
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   390
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    def record_info(self, msg, path=None, line=None):
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        self._log(logging.INFO, msg, path, line)
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   393
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    def record_warning(self, msg, path=None, line=None):
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   395
        self._log(logging.WARNING, msg, path, line)
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diff changeset
   396
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    def record_error(self, msg, path=None, line=None):
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        self._log(logging.ERROR, msg, path, line)
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diff changeset
   399
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    def record_fatal(self, msg, path=None, line=None):
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        self._log(logging.FATAL, msg, path, line)
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diff changeset
   402
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   403
    def _log(self, severity, msg, path, line):
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   404
        encodedmsg = u'%s\t%s\t%s\t%s' % (severity, self.filename,
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   405
                                          line or u'', msg)
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   406
        self.logs.append(encodedmsg)
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parents:
diff changeset
   407
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diff changeset
   408
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   409
class HTMLImportLog(SimpleImportLog):
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   410
    """Fake CWDataImport log using a simple HTML format."""
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diff changeset
   411
    def __init__(self, filename):
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   412
        super(HTMLImportLog, self).__init__(xml_escape(filename))
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parents:
diff changeset
   413
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diff changeset
   414
    def _log(self, severity, msg, path, line):
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   415
        encodedmsg = u'%s\t%s\t%s\t%s<br/>' % (severity, self.filename,
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diff changeset
   416
                                               line or u'', xml_escape(msg))
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diff changeset
   417
        self.logs.append(encodedmsg)