doc/book/fr/20-01-intro.fr.txt
author Aurelien Campeas <aurelien.campeas@logilab.fr>
Thu, 09 Jul 2009 17:16:49 +0200
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.. -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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Introduction à `LAX`
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====================
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Concepts et vocabulaire
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-----------------------
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*schéma*
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  le schéma définit le modèle de données d'une application sous forme
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  d'entités et de relations. C'est l'élément central d'une
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  application.
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*result set*
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  objet encaspulant les résultats d'une requête à l'entrepôt de données
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  et des informations sur cette requête.
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*vue*
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  une vue est une manière de représenter les données d'un `result set`
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  sous forme HTML, CSV, JSON, etc.
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Définition d'une application de Blog
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====================================
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La première chose à faire est de copier le répertoire ``lax``
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vers un nouveau répertoire qui sera votre application ``Google AppEngine``::
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  $ cp -r lax myapp
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Définition du schéma
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--------------------
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Ouvrir le fichier ``myapp/schema.py`` afin de définir le schéma des
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données manipulées. La syntaxe de la définition est la même que celle
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proposée par `Google AppEngine` mais il faut remplacer la ligne
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d'import::
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  from google.appengine.ext import db
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par celle-ci::
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  from ginco.goa import db
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Un exemple de schéma de données pour un ``Blog`` pourrait être::
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  from ginco.goa import db
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  class BlogEntry(db.Model):
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      # un titre à donner à l'entrée
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      title = db.StringProperty(required=True)
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      # la date à laquelle le blog est créé
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      diem = db.DateProperty(required=True, auto_now_add=True)
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      # le contenu de l'entrée
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      content = db.TextProperty()
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      # une entrée peut en citer une autre
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      cites = db.SelfReferenceProperty() 
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Personnalisation des vues
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-------------------------
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`LAX` permet d'obtenir directement, à partir de la définition
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du schéma, de générer des vues de consultation, d'ajout et
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de modification pour tous les types de donées manipulés.
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Il est toutefois généralement souhaitable de personnaliser
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les vues de consultations.
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Dans `LAX`, les vues sont représentées par des classes Python.
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Une vue se caractèrise par :
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- un identifiant (tous les objets dans `LAX` sont enregistrés
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  dans un registre et cet identifiant sert de clé pour y retrouver
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  la vue)
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- une description des types de données auxquels elle s'applique
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Il existe dans `LAX` des vues prédéfinies et utilisées par le moteur
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d'affichage. Pour avoir une liste exhaustive de ces vues prédéfinies,
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vous pouvez consulter cette page. (XXX mettre le lien vers la liste).
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Par exemple, la vue ``primary`` est la vue utilisée pour générer la
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page principale de consultation d'un objet.
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Par exemple, si on souhaite modifier la page principale d'une entrée de
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blog, il faut surcharger la vue ``primary`` des objets ``BlogEntry`` dans
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le fichier ``myapp/views.py``::
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  from ginco.web.views import baseviews
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  class BlogEntryPrimaryView(baseviews.PrimaryView):
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      accepts = ('BlogEntry',)
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      def cell_call(self, row, col):
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          entity = self.entity(row, col)
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          self.w(u'<h1>%s</h1>' % entity.title)
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          self.w(u'<div>%s</div>' entity.content)
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Génération du graphique de schéma
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---------------------------------
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Il existe une vue ``schema`` qui permet d'afficher un graphique
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représantant les différents types d'entités définis dans le schéma
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ainsi que les relations entre ces types. Ce graphique doit être généré
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statiquement. Le script à utiliser pour générer ce schéma est 
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dans ``myapp/tools``. Ce script nécessite d'avoir accès aux
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bibliothèques fournies par le SDK de ``Google AppEngine``. Il faut
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donc modifier son PYTHONPATH::
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  $ export PYTHONPATH=GAE_ROOT/google:GAE_ROOT/lib/yaml
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  $ python tools/generate_schema_img.py 
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Génération des fichiers de traduction
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-------------------------------------
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Des catalogues de traduction se trouvent dans `myapp/i18n`. Il faut
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pour l'instant les mettre à jour à la main (et/ou avec les outils
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``GNU`` comme ``xgettext``) et ensuite les compiler grâce au script
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``myapp/tools/i18ncompile.py``::
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  $ export PYTHONPATH=GAE_ROOT/google:GAE_ROOT/lib/yaml
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  $ python tools/i18ncompile.py
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