doc/book/fr/01-introduction.fr.txt
author Sylvain Thénault <sylvain.thenault@logilab.fr>
Mon, 08 Feb 2010 10:06:40 +0100
branchstable
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fix security issue #36564 (integrity error w/ RQLUniqueConstraint) by using a global lock serializing commit when some RQLUniqueConstraint is encountered.
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.. -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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.. _Overview:
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Aperçu rapide de `CubicWeb`
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===========================
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`CubicWeb` nous permet de développer des instances d'applications web
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basées sur un ou plusieurs `cube`. 
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Ce à quoi nous réferrons en parlant de `cube` est un modèle définissant 
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des types de données et des vues. Un `cube` est un composant re-utilisable 
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regroupé avec d'autres cubes sur le système de fichiers.
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Un `instance` réferre à une installation spécifique d'un ou plusieurs cubes 
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où sont regroupés tous les fichiers de configuration de l'application web finale.
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Dans ce document, nous allons vous montrer comment créer un cube et l'utiliser
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dans une instance pour votre application web.
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Créez votre cube
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----------------
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Après avoir installé votre environement de développement `CubicWeb`, vous pouvez
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commencer à construire votre premier cube: ::
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  cubicweb-ctl newcube blog
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Cela va créer dans ``/path/to/forest/cubes`` une répertoire contenant ::
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  blog/
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  |
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  |-- data/
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  |   |-- cubes.blog.css
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  |   |-- cubes.blog.js  
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  |   |-- external_resources
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  |
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  |-- debian/
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  |   |-- changelog
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  |   |-- compat
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  |   |-- control
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  |   |-- copyright
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  |   |-- cubicweb-blog.prerm
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  |   |-- rules
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  |
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  |-- entities.py
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  |
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  |-- i18n/
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  |   |-- en.po
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  |   |-- fr.po
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  |
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  |-- __init__.py
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  |
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  |-- MANIFEST.in
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  |
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  |-- migration/
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  |   |-- postcreate.py
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  |   |-- precreate.py
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  |
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  |-- __pkginfo__.py
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  |
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  |-- schema.py
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  |
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  |-- setup.py
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  |
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  |-- site_cubicweb.py
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  |
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  |-- sobjects.py
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  |
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  |-- test/
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  |   |-- data/
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  |       |-- bootstrap_cubes
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  |   |-- pytestconf.py
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  |   |-- realdb_test_blog.py
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  |   |-- test_blog.py
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  |
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  |-- views.py
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Toute modification apportée à votre modele de données devra
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etre effectué dans ce répertoire. 
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Définissez votre schéma de données
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----------------------------------
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Le modèle de données ou schéma est au coeur d'une application `CubicWeb`.
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C'est là où vous allez devoir définir le type de contenu que votre application
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devra gérer.
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Votre modele de données est défini dans le fichier ``schema.py`` de votre cube
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``blog`` comme suit.
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::
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  from cubicweb.schema import format_constraint
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  class Blog(EntityType):
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    title = String(maxsize=50, required=True)
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    description = String()
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  class BlogEntry(EntityType):
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    title = String(required=True, fulltextindexed=True, maxsize=256)
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    publish_date = Date(default='TODAY')
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    content = String(required=True, fulltextindexed=True)
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    entry_of = SubjectRelation('Blog', cardinality='?*') 
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Un ``Blog`` a un titre et une description. Le titre est une chaîne 
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de caractères requise par la classe parente EntityType et ne doit
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pas excéder 50 caractères. La description est une chaîne de 
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caractères sans contraintes.
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Une ``BlogEntry`` a un titre, une date de publication et du texte
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étant son contenu. Le titre est une chaîne de caractères qui ne 
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doit pas excéder 100 caractères. La date de publication est de type Date et a
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pour valeur par défaut TODAY, ce qui signifie que lorsqu'une 
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``BlogEntry`` sera créée, sa date de publication sera la date
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courante a moins de modifier ce champ. Le texte est une chaîne de
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caractères qui sera indexée en plein texte et sans contraintes.
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Une ``BlogEntry`` a aussi une relation nommée ``entry_of`` qui la
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relie à un ``Blog``. La cardinalité ``?*`` signifie que BlogEntry
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peut faire partie de zero a un Blog (``?`` signifie `zero ou un`) et
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qu'un Blog peut avoir une infinité de BlogEntry (``*`` signifie
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`n'importe quel nombre incluant zero`). 
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Par soucis de complétude, nous rappellerons que ``+`` signifie
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`un ou plus`.
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Créez votre instance
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--------------------
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::
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  cubicweb-ctl create blog blogdemo
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Cette commande va créer un répertoire ``~/etc/cubicweb.d/blogdemo``
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contenant tous les fichiers de configuration nécessaire au lancement
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de votre application web.
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L'instance ``blogdemo`` est construite sur le cube ``blog``.
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Bienvenue dans votre application web
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------------------------------------
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Lancez votre application en exécutant : ::
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  cubicweb-ctl start -D blogdemo
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Vous pouvez à présent accéder  à votre application web vous permettant de
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créer des blogs et d'y poster des messages en visitant l'URL http://localhost:8080/.
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Un premier formulaire d'authentification va vous être proposé. Par défaut,
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l'application n'autorisera pas d'utilisateur anonyme à accéder a votre 
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application. Vous devrez donc utiliser l'utilisateur administrateur que
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vous aurez crée lors de l'initialisation de votre base de données via
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``cubicweb-ctl create``.
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.. image:: images/login-form.png
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Une fois authentifié, vous pouvez commencer à jouer avec votre
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application et créer des entités. Bravo !
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.. image:: images/blog-demo-first-page.png
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Rappelez-vous que pour le moment, tout a été géré par la plate-forme
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`CubicWeb` et que la seule chose qui a été fournie est le schéma de
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données. 
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Créons des entités
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------------------
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Nous allons maintenant créer quelques entités dans notre application.
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Créez un Blog
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Créons à présent quelques entités. Cliquez sur `[+]` sur la
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droite du lien Blog. Appelez cette nouvelle entité Blog ``Tech-Blog``
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et tapez pour la description ``everything about technology``,
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puis validez le formulaire d'édition en cliquant sur le bouton
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``Validate``.
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.. image:: images/cbw-create-blog.fr.png
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   :alt: from to create blog
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En cliquant sur le logo situé dans le coin gauche de la fenêtre,
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vous allez être redirigé vers la page d'accueil. Ensuite, si vous allez 
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sur le lien Blog, vous devriez voir la liste des entités Blog, en particulier
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celui que vous venez juste de créer ``Tech-Blog``.
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.. image:: images/cbw-list-one-blog.fr.png
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   :alt: displaying a list of a single blog
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Si vous cliquez sur ``Tech-Blog`` vous devriez obtenir une description
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détaillée, ce qui dans notre cas, n'est rien de plus que le titre
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et la phrase ``everything about technology``
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Maintenant retournons sur la page d'accueil et créons un nouveau
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Blog ``MyLife`` et retournons sur la page d'accueil, puis suivons
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le lien Blog et nous constatons qu'à présent deux blogs sont listés.
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.. image:: images/cbw-list-two-blog.fr.png
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   :alt: displaying a list of two blogs
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Créons un article
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Revenons sur la page d'accueil et cliquons sur `[+]` à droite du lien
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`articles`. Appellons cette nouvelle entité ``Hello World`` et introduisons
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un peut de texte avant de ``Valider``. Vous venez d'ajouter un article
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sans avoir précisé à quel Blog il appartenait. Dans la colonne de gauche
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se trouve une boite intitulé ``actions``, cliquez sur le menu ``modifier``.
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Vous êtes de retour sur le formulaire d'édition de l'article que vous 
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venez de créer, à ceci près que ce formulaire a maintenant une nouvelle
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section intitulée ``ajouter relation``. Choisissez ``entry_of`` dans ce menu,
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cela va faire apparaitre une deuxième menu déroulant dans lequel vous
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allez pouvoir séléctionner le Blog ``MyLife``.
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Vous auriez pu aussi, au moment où vous avez crée votre article, sélectionner
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``appliquer`` au lieu de ``valider`` et le menu ``ajouter relation`` serait apparu.
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.. image:: images/cbw-add-relation-entryof.fr.png
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   :alt: editing a blog entry to add a relation to a blog
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Validez vos modifications en cliquant sur ``Valider``. L'entité article
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qui est listée contient maintenant un lien vers le Blog auquel il 
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appartient, ``MyLife``.
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.. image:: images/cbw-detail-one-blogentry.fr.png
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   :alt: displaying the detailed view of a blogentry
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Rappelez-vous que pour le moment, tout a été géré par la plate-forme
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`CubicWeb` et que la seule chose qui a été fournie est le schéma de
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données. D'ailleurs pour obtenir une vue graphique du schéma, visitez
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le lien `Application schema`` a l'URL suivante :
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http://localhost:8080/view?vid=schema
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.. image:: images/cbw-schema.fr.png
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   :alt: graphical view of the schema (aka data-model)
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Définissez les vues de vos données
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----------------------------------
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Le principe de sélection des vues
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Une vue est une classe Python qui inclut:
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  - un identifiant (tous les objets dans `CubicWeb` sont listés
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    dans un registre et cet identifiant est utilisé comme la clé)
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  - un filtre de sélection de `result sets` auxquels il
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    peut s'appliquer
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`CubicWeb` fournit un ensemble de vues standard pour le type d'objet
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`EntityView`. vous poubez les trouver listées dans ``cubicweb/web/views``.
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Une vue est appliquée sur un `result set` qui représente l'ensemble
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des entités que nous cherchons à appliquer. `CubicWeb` utilise un
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sélecteur qui permet de calculer un score et d'identifier la vue
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la plus adaptée au `result set` que nous voulons afficher. La librarie
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standard des sélecteurs se trouve dans ``cubicweb.common.selector`` 
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et une librairie des méthodes utilisées pour calculer les scores 
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est dans ``cubicweb.vregistry.vreq``.
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Il est possible de définir plusieurs vues ayant le meme identifiant
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et d'y associer des sélecteurs et des filtres afin de permettre à 
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l'application de s'adapter au mieux aux données que nous avons 
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besoin d'afficher. Nous verrons cela plus en détails dans :ref:`DefinitionVues`.
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On peut citer l'exemple de la vue nommée ``primary`` qui est celle utilisée
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pour visualiser une entité seule. Nous allons vous montrer comment modifier 
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cette vue.
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Modification des vues
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Si vous souhaitez modifier la manière dont est rendue un article (`Blogentry`),
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vous devez surcharger la vue ``primary`` définie dans le module ``views`` de 
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votre cube, ``cubes/blog/views.py``.
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Nous pourrions par exemple ajouter devant la date de publication un préfixe
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indiquant que la date visualisée est la date de publication.
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Pour cela appliquez les modifications suivantes: 
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:: 
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  from cubicweb.web.views import baseviews
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  class BlogEntryPrimaryView(baseviews.PrimaryView):
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    accepts = ('BlogEntry',)
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    def render_entity_title(self, entity):
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        self.w(u'<h1>%s</h1>' % html_escape(entity.dc_title()))
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    def content_format(self, entity):
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        return entity.view('reledit', rtype='content_format')
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    def cell_call(self, row, col):
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        entity = self.entity(row, col)
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        # display entity attributes with prefixes
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        self.w(u'<h1>%s</h1>' % entity.title)
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        self.w(u'<p>published on %s</p>' % entity.publish_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))
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        self.w(u'<p>%s</p>' % entity.content)
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        # display relations
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        siderelations = []
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        if self.main_related_section:
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            self.render_entity_relations(entity, siderelations)
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.. note::
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  Lors qu'une vue est modifiée il n'est pas nécessaire de relancer
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  l'application. Sauvez juste le fichier Python et rechargez la page
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  dans votre navigateur afin de visualiser les modifications.
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Nous pouvons voir que la date de publication est préfixée comme souhaitée.
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.. image:: images/cbw-update-primary-view.fr.png
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   :alt: modified primary view
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Le code que nous avons modifié définit une vue primaire pour une entité de 
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type `BlogEntry`. 
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Etant donné que les vues sont appliquées sur des `result sets` et que 
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les `result sets` peuvent être des tableaux de données, il est indispensable
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de récupérer l'entité selon ses coordonnées (row,col).
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La méthode ``self.w()`` est utilisée pour afficher des données. En particulier
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dans notre exemple, nous l'utilisons pour afficher des tags HTML et des valeurs
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des attributs de notre entité.
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